51 pages • 1 hour read
Patrisse Khan-Cullors, Asha BandeleA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Black Lives Matter is a decentralized social justice movement that organizes nonviolent demonstrations to protest police brutality and eradicate White supremacy. By design, there is no traditional hierarchy governing the movement’s activities. In response to claims that the organization is leaderless, Black Lives Matter’s founders say the organization is “leader-ful.”]
Black Lives Matter has faced criticism, mostly from the American right but also from other parts of the political spectrum. Some on the right, including former New York City mayor Rudy Giuliani, call the movement a terrorist organization, a claim Cullors addresses and refuses through her book. Other critics—including some from within Black Lives Matter—believe that the group is insufficiently focused on Black women.
A gang injunction is a type of restraining order prohibiting suspected gang members from engaging in certain types of behavior, some of which is otherwise legal. They date back to 1982, when the Los Angeles City Attorney and the LAPD targeted three gangs with a combined membership of 72. According to the ACLU, over time these injunctions were increasingly used to target non-gang-affiliated individuals, most of whom were non-White. That includes Monte, who at one point is arrested for wearing the same T-shirt as a friend, as if it indicated a shared gang affiliation. The effectiveness of gang injunctions is a topic of intense debate among criminologists, with some believing they result in a decrease in crime as high as 10% and others believing they merely shift criminal activity to surrounding areas.
Coined by the African American Policy Forum, #SayHerName is a social and racial justice movement designed to draw attention to police brutality and anti-Black violence against Black women. Although the movement attracted much of its support and attention following Sandra Bland’s death in police custody, the movement predates that incident by about five months. #SayHerName emerged in part to address critics of Black Lives Matter—and mainstream culture in general—for underplaying the experiences of Black women who experience police brutality or anti-Black violence.
The school-to-prison pipeline is a sociological phenomenon in which punitive school and municipal policies increase the likelihood that disadvantaged minors and young adults will become incarcerated. Cullors identifies several subtle and not-so-subtle ways in which schools in low-income Black and Latinx neighborhoods are made to resemble prisons. The effect is “to normalize expectations of criminality” (78)—expectations that are often fulfilled when the student is cited or even arrested for everyday school code violations.
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