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54 pages 1 hour read

Chanrithy Him

When Broken Glass Floats

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2000

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Chapters 9-11

Chapter 9 Summary: “Now I Know the Answer”

For a brief time, Athy’s life is somewhat stable, though they are still starving. Soon, however, her sisters Chea and Ra are sent to another camp, and her sister Ry stays at the hospital, pretending to be ill and sharing her rations with the family. Her brother Than, only 13, returns from a labor camp, and for a while he supplements their meals by fishing. However, her sister Avy’s edema gets worse, and Ry takes Avy to the hospital with her.

Avy dies at the hospital, and her “death cements [Athy’s] determination to live” to “search for edible leaves, toads, mice, crickets, whatever” she needs “to stay alive” (179). Avy’s death devastates Ry, who turns to Buddhism for spiritual comfort, hoping that Avy will be reincarnated as her child.

Mak and Athy grow increasingly ill with edema and then with malaria. Ra returns to care for them, bringing malaria tablets. Mak and Athy improve, and then Chea returns as well. She brings food, having finally figured out how to compliment and humor her supervisor. She is allowed to rest with them because she has injured her foot.

In 1977 the family is moved to a new hut with more space. However, there are no more food rations. They are expected to grow food and send it the communal kitchen, where it will be prepared and shared by all. Mak tends the garden, but a chhlop reprimands her for not working the fields. The chhlop tells Mak she must either work or go to the hospital. She chooses to go to the hospital, even though she knows there is no real medicine or care there.

In the hospital Mak catches mice and rats to eat, but her condition continues to worsen. Ry takes her to a different hospital in Choup, which supposedly has modern medicine. Athy and her sisters try their best to care for each other and for Map, their three-year-old brother. When the garden blooms, Chea tells Athy to take Map and some food to Mak in Choup.

Athy doesn’t recognize Mak because she is so swollen from the edema. She also has dysentery. She tells Athy that no one cares for her and she has not even had any water for four days; she wants Athy to get permission for her to return to Choup permanently, so her children can care for her. Athy tries, but the village leader tells her that Athy can only go if Mak will live; if she does not, Athy will be punished. Chea decides that she and Map will return to Mak during one of their rare days off, which are meant to be spent at various meetings.

Although no one enjoys these meetings, they do enjoy the food that is served and the respite from constant physical labor. During these meetings, they are lectured about the Khmer Rouge’s goals. After one meeting, a young girl calls to Athy and tells her that the Khmer Rouge threw Mak in a well with the dead, even though Mak was still alive.

Chapter 10 Summary: “The Spirit of Survival”

After Mak’s death, Athy retreats inside her mind, neither eating nor speaking. She is so clearly distraught that the leaders do not even badger her to work. One day she hears a voice in her head, telling her to eat. However, although she is up and moving around, she is still unwell. She spends her time questioning Preah, God. For the first time, she doesn’t “pray to Buddha requesting him to stop the suffering” and instead “demand[s] his action” (202).

One night Ra brings Athy the burned rice crust from the cooking pots, and the next day Ra takes her to a warehouse in Zone 3, where a man named Barang who works for the Khmer Rouge, whom Ra addresses as Pok (father), feeds them soup, fish, rice, and even fish sauce, which Athy has not had for two years.

Although Athy was frightened the first time she went to the warehouse, her hunger drives her back not once but twice. The second time, however, high-ranking members of the Khmer Rouge almost discover her, and Pok is furious at the risks she took. He hides her and gives her food but tells her never to come back. Once she is safely back where she belongs, Athy realizes she has come back to herself because of Pok’s kindness.

Chapter 11 Summary: “A Promise”

At the end of 1977, Athy is sent to a new labor camp, where she and other children spend their time chasing birds from the rice paddies. Athy is happier here than she has been in a while. Chasing the birds with the other children feels almost like playing, her supervisor is kind, and the rations are better. Athy feels a sense of connection with the people at the camp, especially after she is praised for her skill at sifting rice.

Athy dreams of Mak, who tells her she must feed Map. Athy sets aside some of her rations, and her supervisor tells her to give the food to one of the workers who will be delivering rice to her village. Athy is delighted to see that one of them is Barang, the man who gave her food at the warehouse. Though he has changed, having been punished for his kindness to people like Athy, he agrees to take the rice and fish to Chea and Map.

After the harvest, Athy returns to the village, and Chea and Map’s appearances shock her. They are starving to death. Chea reveals that she wishes for death, and Athy asks about the food she sent home, discovering that Barang ate most of it. Athy is devastated and feels this news physically: “My head hurts, my chest is stuffed with deep pain. I feel so betrayed” (224).

Chapters 9-11 Analysis

Hunger characterizes this section. Athy and her family are starving, and they are focused only on their next bite of food, their next bit of sustenance. What Athy demonstrates here is how much depends on having one’s basic needs met. For example, when Athy’s sister Avy asks Than for more fish one evening, Than explodes, throwing a fish at her. Athy cannot believe how hunger turns them against each other.

However, the hunger is not only physical. There is a spiritual hunger as well. When Avy dies, for instance, Athy’s sister Ry returns to Buddhism, trying to make sense of their losses. Most people, however, are numb, shocked by the seemingly unending cruelty.

They focus only on their next meal, as does Athy, after the coop leader refuses to allow her to go to the hospital and take care of Mak. However, Mak’s death “had almost […] erased from [her] mind” even the “idea of [Athy’s] own survival” (201), and Athy retreats within herself.

Eventually, her physical hunger forces her to move, to eat, but she is still dying in a spiritual sense. Like Ry, Athy returns to Buddhism, but she finds no comfort there, only anger. She knows that she is supposedly “koon Preah (God’s child)” (203), but she cannot understand why God would not want to end her suffering. Athy does not find any solace until Ra introduces her to the man who gives them food. Barang’s kindness satisfies Athy’s spiritual hunger; she finds comfort in knowing there are people who are still willing to sacrifice their own safety for others.

This comfort is shattered, however, when this same man eats the food she asks him to deliver to Chea and Map while Athy is working in the fields. He tries to tell Athy what happened to him, that he was punished for his previous kindness, but Athy does not realize how much that has changed his circumstances. Now hungry himself, he cannot think of others’ needs, only his own. Athy previously noted how the Khmer Rouge “have shaped [them], made [their] tempers brittle and [their] hunger sharp” (178). What she learns in this section is how hunger can make people selfish and angry, how it can control one’s every thought and make people behave in ways they never would have believed possible.

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