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Athy and her family, along with hundreds of others, are taken into a forest where they are directed to build huts in which they will live. They spend their days working, preparing fields to plant yams and yucca. Although they are initially given a small ration of rice and pork, eventually the food stores run out, and they must scavenge for food. They mainly eat boiled leaves, leaves that before the Khmer Rouge were routinely used to feed livestock. Athy’s mother notes that now they “are worse than pigs” (121). When they can, they also eat insects, tadpoles, toads, mice, and rats. Athy observes, “Food is food. Anything, everything tastes good—even the smell of roasting crickets makes stomachs rumble with desire” (121).
In addition to malnutrition and starvation, Athy and the other newcomers to this labor camp suffer from edema caused by starvation. Everyone also suffers from infectious diarrhea, usually caused by a lack of sanitation and poor hygiene. In such close quarters it is almost inevitable that people will get sick. Athy’s three-year-old brother Vin gets very ill, and all they can do for him is try to keep the flies from feeding on his sore bottom.
Athy’s sister Ry takes Vin to a nearby hospital, though there are no real doctors there. The only treatment available is a crude pill made from tree bark and honey. Vin dies, and Mak is too sick herself to make the one-mile trip to the hospital. However, “no one cries. Not even Mak. To weep is to acknowledge what we can’t accept. Our minds are already saturated with sorrow. Our silence is our last defense” (119).
A year later Mak insists that Athy, now 10 years old, go with the other children to a different labor camp, where there will be more food. Athy doesn’t want to go, but Mak insists. However, the promises of more food were lies, and the conditions in the children’s labor camp are just as bad, if not worse. Athy and another girl from the village, Cheng, stay together, commiserating over their fate and talking about their mothers.
The Khmer Rouge work to keep the children from bonding, pitting peasant children against city children like Athy and Cheng. The peasant children get the choicest spots to build shelter; they often assist the “mekorg[s],” the brigade leaders, and get special treatment. The brigade leaders wake the children earlier and earlier and work them later and later, hoping to exceed the quota for digging irrigation ditches.
Starving, the children fight over the fish heads in the garbage and the burned rice scraped from the sides of cooking pots. Sometimes they can slip away and fish, but they are constantly being watched, and eventually they are caught. Cheng and Athy are tied to a pole in the camp’s center and deprived of food, water, and rest for 24 hours. Soon after, Athy gets sick with amoebic dysentery, which is what killed her brother Vin.
Cheng decides they must escape and return to their mothers. She helps Athy, still very ill, and they make their way back. However, Mak is horrified, and Athy realizes she has endangered her family. Furthermore, though Cheng makes it back to her mother as well, she dies soon after. Athy is grief-stricken by the news, as she stays inside day after day to avoid being spotted by a chhlop.
She is eventually discovered, but she’s “neither tortured or sent back”; instead, she is sent “to work in the rice field close to the village” (153). Athy explains that “the Khmer Rouge’s disregard for the individual” means “they have simply forgotten who [she is] and where [she’s] supposed to be” (153).
Athy plants rice with her mother, working from dawn to dusk. They have very little food, but Athy is glad to be back with her mother. One morning, while planting rice, Athy steps on a stick and cuts her foot. It quickly becomes infected, and the infection spreads just as quickly.
Athy cannot sleep or walk. Mak comforts her as best she can, but she must rest also. Athy decides to go looking for “slark khnarng, sour leaves, an ivylike vine that grows wild in the woods” (156). When boiled, the leaves produce a liquid like rubbing alcohol, and Athy believes it can clean her foot. However, while she’s gathering the leaves, a man catches her and accuses her of stealing. He ties her to a tree, telling her he will return to kill her that evening. Instead, he releases her and she crawls back home. Mak and her sister gather the leaves, which do begin to help heal Athy’s foot.
Athy does not work because she is ill, but as soon as she is back on her feet, the chhlop insists she return to work. He takes her and some other children to a different labor camp, and after a powerful storm, Athy and the other children end up in a nearby village. There, a young woman dressed like the other Khmer Rouge takes care of Athy, even giving her penicillin for her foot. Her kindness confuses Athy, as it’s a type “of personal kindness [she hadn’t] seen among the Khmer Rouge” (168).
Once her foot is healed, Athy returns to work. Soon, another brigade of laborers join them, and among them are Athy’s sisters, Chea and Ra. Once a week, they sneak back to Mak and the other children, and share their rations with them. Athy has developed an eye infection, and Mak tells her how to heal it. She is glad that her vision is no longer impaired but worries about what new horrors she will see. The irrigation ditch nears completion, and Athy and the other children are allowed to return to their families.
An increasing sense of desperation governs this section. Athy and the others are starving, and she realizes that their “lives are reduced to a tight circle. Each day revolves around what we can find to eat for the following day. And until it comes, we think about food. All day. All night. Hunger owns us” (121).
However, hunger is not their only problem. They also suffer from the effects of malnutrition, like edema. This kind of edema, or swelling, occurs when a person gets enough calories but not enough protein. Furthermore, this desperate hunger and need to find something, anything, to eat consumes them. It renders them unable to fight back against the Khmer Rouge and numbs them to the horrors around them. Mak is so sick she cannot even comfort her own child as he lays pleading for her attention.
Athy’s sister Ra takes care of Vin, and she is furious with Mak for not going to see him. She does not understand how sick Mak is or how shocked she is by her losses and their new circumstances. Mak can no longer protect her children, and it has left her stunned and immobile. When combined with her own illness, she simply has no energy, too weak to even argue.
Mak and Vin are further victims of the Khmer Rouge. They may not have beaten Mak and Vin to death as they did Athy’s father, but their condition is on the Khmer Rouge’s shoulders nonetheless. Keeping people focused solely on their next meal, and dealing them repeated emotional blows, leaves them unable to do anything but obey orders. Moreover, the Khmer Rouge, despite their insistence on the importance of community, deliberately fosters resentment between the different groups, as they do between people from the city and people from the country.
However, Athy also learns that not everything is easily categorized. For example, she is struck by the doctor’s kindness, even though the doctor is a member of the Khmer Rouge. She wonders if “their cruelty [is] a mask, hiding humanity deep within” (169). Athy is not sure but realizes that the “world is no longer as black as their uniforms, as white as rice” (169).
The Khmer Rouge, at base, wanted to restore Cambodia to its former glory and help the rural peoples of Cambodia, who were often victimized by policies that benefitted those in urban areas. Unfortunately, the Khmer Rouge’s policies did not restore balance but simply inverted the inequality. Furthermore, their resentment and assumption of absolute power allowed them to treat those they perceived as enemies or as privileged city dwellers with unspeakable cruelty.