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47 pages 1 hour read

Graham Swift

Waterland

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1983

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Chapters 26-30Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 26 Summary: “About the Eel”

After briefly referring back to Mary’s eel incident, Tom elaborates on the history and nature of the European Eel, including how it “can tell us about curiosity—rather more indeed than curiosity can inform us of the eel” (196). As eels are inherent to the Fens, Tom is extremely familiar with them but is most amazed that despite cataclysmic happenings in the world, and devoid of any real knowledge, they continue to survive.

Chapter 27 Summary: “About Natural History”

Tom redirects his story back to history: “What is this—a biology lesson? No, I prefer, in order to point a contrast, to call it Natural History. Which doesn’t go anywhere. Which cleaves to itself. Which perpetually travels back to where it came from” (205). Tom ponders the unknown then entreats his students to remain curious, maintaining that curiosity is crucial for the survival of humankind.

Chapter 28 Summary: “And Artificial History”

Tom returns to the moment immediately after Mary discovers the eel, a tense moment in which Dick looks at Mary with “a long and searching look […] a stern, baffled and questioning look” (207). When he does this, she stops giggling and looks back at him. Freddie witnesses this interesting exchange, as does Tom.

Tom tries to process this moment without emotion, but “it’s too much for your history teacher’s unpractised objectivity, or for his short-lived pubescent boldness” (207), because at this moment, he realizes he is in love with Mary Metcalf.

Chapter 29 Summary: “Detective Work”

Tom resumes the initial story of Freddie’s death seven days after the incident. As he and Mary suspect Dick of causing Freddie’s death, and a beer bottle he finds in the river of being the murder weapon, Tom conspicuously places the bottle where Dick will see it and waits. After finding the bottle, Dick stealthily hides it in a locked attic trunk, much to Tom’s dismay. But “there’s no keeping down that old detective spirit” (209), and he vows to find the key to the trunk.

Chapter 30 Summary: “About the Saviour of the World”

Ernest Atkinson’s daughter, Helen, is Tom’s next topic as he revisits the Atkinson narrative. At a freak accident during a parade in 1915, Helen’s beauty literally triggers chaos when the “silly soldiers with their rifles bumped into each other and forgot how to march” (219) upon seeing her. Since her father admires her inadvertent “mockery of these war-mongering proceedings” (219), he falls in love with her.

Ernest and Helen live as recluses and become so close they form an incestuous relationship. Ernest wants a child, but Helen does not, so to prevent this from happening, she convinces him to turn their home into a hospital for war victims. But the plan backfires—Earnest still wants a child.

Soon a war victim, Henry Crick arrives at the hospital; Henry and Helen fall in love and want to marry. Helen tells her father, “I assent. I will bear your child, if first you let me marry this man and live with him” (229). Ernest accepts this plan after they both agree that the baby “will be the saviour of the world” (229). Helen secretly hopes she will become pregnant with Henry’s child first.

Henry and Helen move to Atkinson Lock Cottage, and a black trunk arrives from Ernest that holds “a written statement addressed to this unborn child, explaining how it came to be” (232). On the night Ernest writes this letter, he commits suicide.

Chapters 26-30 Analysis

Like other sections, Chapters 26 to 30 flesh out details of Waterland’s history, most of which are related to Tom’s family. One interesting detail addressed early on is the prominence of eels in the Fens. For Tom, eels symbolize both curiosity and tenacity. In Chapter 26, Mary discovers an eel in her pants, and Tom equates both her and the eel with a strong survival instinct. Tom has repeatedly framed curiosity as one of Mary’s greatest characteristics, so this section links her curiosity to the eel, which in turn links her to the Fens and its tenacity to survive despite all odds. He also mentions just how curious eels are as subjects. The eel in Mary’s pants symbolizes her own curiosity about her burgeoning sexuality.

The succinct Chapter 27 shows how many disparate topics can crowd a small space, echoing Tom’s wildly veering mind as he nears the end of his career and uncertain future. Chapter 28 highlights how uncertainty and insecurity can wreak havoc in one’s mind, whereas Chapter 29 demonstrates how an organized, well-thought-out plan can incur confidence and results. Logic versus cunning also arises in the game between Tom and Dick, as Tom lures this “killer fish” closer to the bait that will hook him and expose his guilt by displaying the beer bottle.

Temptation and destruction go hand in hand in Chapter 30, when the seductive qualities of superficial beauty cause chaos in a world devoted to power and control. Helen’s allure breaks male dominance, both publicly and privately. Ernest attempts to regain control through misguided love; namely, he falls in love with his own daughter and later sleeps with her to produce an heir that he believes will save the world. This child is Dick, meaning his mental disabilities likely stem from the incestual relationship (Helen slept with her father and Henry around the same time, and it’s never revealed outright if Dick is Ernest’s child).

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