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47 pages 1 hour read

Thomas Pynchon

V.

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1963

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Chapters 7-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 7 Summary: “She hangs on the western wall”

Stencil is interested in Dudley Eigenvalue, a dentist who practices “psychodontia” (68), a combination of dentistry and psychoanalysis. Stencil, however, is increasingly certain that “a set of false dentures, each tooth a different precious metal” (68), that Eigenvalue owns may have belonged to V. Eigenvalue is unenthused by Stencil’s search for conspiracies, but nonetheless describes an art heist that took place in Florence, Italy, at the turn of the 20th century. 

The narrative shifts to 1899. Evan, still a young man, arrives in Florence to look for his father Hugh, a British explorer who disappeared after leaving his son a letter containing the word “Vheissu” (70). Evan does not know the meaning of this word but wonders whether his father’s urgent letter may be related to a recent Antarctica expedition.

Cesare, Mantissa, and the Gaucho discuss their plan to steal a painting by Botticelli. The Gaucho is not impressed by the idea of hiding the painting in a Judas tree to sneak it out of the museum. He is “a man of action” (72) and prefers a bolder strategy, as preached by the Florentine philosopher Machiavelli. In the past, the Gaucho was involved in an uprising in Venezuela and suggests using a tactic from that event—perhaps throwing “a small bomb” (74) into the museum and then shooting anyone who tries to stop them from stealing the painting. His ideas are dismissed. The trio organizes a carriage and a barge to escape the city once the painting is in their possession.

The woman on the tram who attracted Evan’s attention was Victoria Wren.  She has become estranged from her family following her love affair with Goodfellow and is now a sex worker. This places her in a moral quandary due to her Catholicism, so she must invent a religious justification for every man she sleeps with for money. After exiting a church, she runs into Hugh Godolphin, who tells her about Vheissu—a place that has featured in Hugh’s dreams ever since an expedition several years previous. In his dreams, Vheissu is a “gaudy godawful riot of pattern and color” (77) and also something like a woman.

Evan discovers his father’s abandoned hotel room. As he wonders whether his father has simply invented Vheissu, he searches the room for clues and finds a message written inside a cigarette paper advising Evan to be careful. Evan exits the room and nearly falls down a collapsing set of stairs. Two police officers escort him away “to a waiting carriage” (79).

At the Venezuelan consulate, Chief Consul Raton and Vice Consul Salazar argue about political unrest in Florence. Raton is paranoid, claiming to have seen the infamous Gaucho in the city. Elsewhere, the Gaucho is arrested in the Uffizi Gallery where the Botticelli painting is located. After some time “leering at The Birth of Venus” (80), he is taken to an unknown location and, when given a short bathroom break, writes a “note” (81) on the inside of his collar. Then, he is taken to an office where an Englishman grills him about Vheissu. The Gaucho is suddenly worried. He pleads ignorance, but the Englishman begins “the loathsome business of interrogation” (82).

Hugh wakes up alone in Victoria’s room. She has locked him inside and gone to seek help from the British Foreign Office. He breaks out of the room, runs from the police, and bursts into the hotel room of a young couple who seem strangely familiar. Continuing to evade the police, he spots his friend Mantissa, with whom he discussed “Vheissu” (84) in the past. Mantissa and Cesare (currently procuring a tree to stash their stolen painting) allow Hugh to escape on their barge. He helps them carry the tree.

The Englishman questioning the Gaucho is Sidney Stencil, father of Herbert Stencil. As he learns that Hugh has been captured, Sidney thinks about his theory that, in any given situation, “objective reality” (85) only really exists in the minds of those who are in the situation. Earlier, he interrogated Evan, who had been “quite ready to answer all inquiries about Vheissu” (86), though offering little that British Intelligence didn’t already know.

In a prison cell, Evan tells the Gaucho about Vheissu, clearly not “a bedtime story or fairy tale” (87). The Gaucho is not interested but asks Evan to pass along the message in his collar to a man named Cuernacabron in Scheissvogel, a German beer hall. A guard arrives—Sidney Stencil has ordered them to be released.

Ferrante, a member of the Italian secret police, wanders around the police headquarters. He wants to cook a squid for his dinner but, before he can find somewhere to cook his food, he runs into an old woman. She is the mother of the head of the Italian secret police, and she delivers a long tirade about Venezuela. According to her, Venezuela is unimportant and unrelated to Vheissu. She is more concerned with Mount Vesuvius and its “subterranean network of natural tunnels” (89) to the Antarctic. Ferrante insists that he knows nothing and does not mention that her information corroborates a secret memo.

Victoria meets Evan; she admits that she is waiting for him because he is Hugh’s son. They walk to meet Hugh at the beer hall. Elsewhere, the Gaucho tells a group of Venezuelans whom he has been filling with revolutionary ideas to prepare for “the night of the lion” (92).

Mantissa and Hugh drink beer in the Scheissvogel beer hall. Hugh’s trip to Antarctica was a secret success: “at the Pole” (93), under the ice, he found a perfectly preserved spider monkey, which threw him into an existential crisis. Evan arrives at the bar, accompanied by Victoria. Cesare follows shortly and is told to go to the barge and prepare their escape. When Cesare departs, the remaining characters share a drink. They are watched by Moffit, one of Sidney’s employees.

The Gaucho leads his men in an attack on the Venezuelan consulate. They pelt the building with “rotten fruit and vegetables” (94), causing a riot. Evan and Hugh escape on a barge, sharing an emotional moment. Amid the chaos, Mantissa, Cesare, and the Gaucho enter the gallery. Before they can take the painting, however, Mantissa recoils from the same “slow horror” (95) that Hugh felt when he found the spider monkey. The guards arrive and give chase; the Gaucho hurls bombs at them. Sidney tells Moffit to “forget” (96) the chase, as he has just received a communique from London. The Gaucho returns to the riot he started, Hugh, Evan, and Mantissa escape on the barge after throwing the captain overboard, and Cesare returns to the city, amused by the thought of the hollow tree they left standing in front of Botticelli’s The Birth of Venus.

Chapter 8 Summary: “In which Rachel gets her yo-yo back, Roony sings a song, and Stencil calls on Bloody Chiclitz”

As Profane searches for a job and a woman, he thinks about the nature of history. His rambling thoughts land somewhere between Marxism and psychoanalysis, concluding that “all political events: wars, governments and uprisings, have the desire to get laid as their roots” (97). Throwing himself at the mercy of fate, he finds himself at the Space/Time Employment Agency, where Rachel works as a receptionist. Rachel arranges an interview for Profane with the Anthroresearch Associates, an organization led by Oley Bergomask.

Roony reflects on his strange marriage. He fears that his wife Mafia is having an affair with Pig, who is known as “a byword of decadence” (99). Rumor has it that Pig tells tall tales about his sexual conquests over the ship’s radio while at sea. Roony grew up amidst the racist violence commonplace in Durham, North Carolina. After getting a girl pregnant and joining the Army, he spent the war in a French chateau, avoiding any action, and then returned to New York. He met Mafia and has been working for the record company ever since. However, he still thinks often about Paola, envying Pig’s connection with her. His thoughts become increasingly sadistic, violent fantasies about his wife.

The Space/Time Agency hires Profane. Rachel arranges for him to stay with Roony and eat meals in Rachel’s apartment. Reunited, Profane and Pig party, remembering “sea stories at each other” (101). Roony tries to convince Rachel to set him up on a date with Paola, who is mostly away from the apartment but whose occasional appearances ignite Roony’s passion. When he returns home, he finds his wife talking to Profane and drinking heavily. The conversation turns into a party. Profane falls asleep in “an unoccupied corner of the room” (102).

Amid tumultuous geopolitical events, people make their own version of history by connecting newspaper headlines. Some of these constructed narratives are so powerful that they almost become true, but this isn’t the case for the patterns and narratives Stencil pieces together. He hopes that the identity of V. will reveal his own identity. Thus far, however, he cannot clarify who or what V. might be—a woman, a ship, or a nation. Stencil thinks about Yoyodyne Inc., a former yo-yo company owned and run by a man named Bloody Chiclitz. The toys made by the company may seem like normal yo-yos, but they have since been used in military and communications situations. The company has vastly expanded and is now completely entangled in the military-industrial complex. Stencil tours a Yoyodyne factory and meets engineer Kurt Mondaugen, who worked on rockets during World War II. Mondaugen tells Stencil his stories about his “youthful days in South-West Africa” (104).

Chapter 9 Summary: “Mondaugen’s story”

Stencil greatly embellishes the 30-minute conversation he had with Mondaugen when he tells it to Eigenvalue.

In May 1922, Mondaugen, a young German university graduate, is sent to a colonial outpost in South West Africa (near present-day Namibia) “as part of a program having to do with atmospheric radio disturbances” (104) discovered during World War I. The region is no longer under German colonial rule, so Mondaugen is nervous about a potential “rebellion” (105) of the local Bondel people against the left over Germans ex-pats, who have wild nightly parties on the farm belonging to a man named Foppl.

Mondaugen rides a cart to Foppl’s farm. When he arrives, “Foppl’s siege party” (106) is already in full swing. Mondaugen stays for more than two and a half months, sealed off from the outside world with the rich Europeans. In a turret room, he sets up his antennas and continues his research. He sees a half-dressed woman in a distant room. She invites him to the roof garden and introduces herself as Vera Meroving, the traveling “companion” (107) of Lieutenant Weissman. She has a false eye which contains the mechanism of a watch, wound by a key she wears on a chain around her neck. Over the coming days, Mondaugen spots Vera and Weissman arguing. He also meets Hedwig Vogelsang, a teenage girl whose “purpose on earth is to tantalize and send raving the race of man” (108). Mondaugen and Hedwig dance through the building, all the way to the planetarium. As he works a treadmill, she dances with a model of Venus and then disappears.

Mondaugen searches for a generator and instead finds Foppl, the owner of the farm. Foppl is savagely beating Andreas, a Bondel man whose “people have defied the Government” (109). Mondaugen tries to help Andreas, but Foppl tells him to stop. Foppl mocks the wounded man and launches into a long discussion of the German colonial presence in the region. In particular, he focuses on the genocide of the Herero people in 1904. At the next night’s party, Mondaugen meets an elderly Hugh, who has recently been to Cape Town to recruit people for an expedition to Antarctica. After being invited to Foppl’s for a weekend, however, he now finds himself stuck. Mondaugen keeps running into Vera and fears that a romantic entanglement is brewing. Her companion Weissman confronts Mondaugen about fascism, but Mondaugen insists that “politics isn’t [his] line” (110). Weissman claims that engineers like Mondaugen will play a key role in a fascist state. Mondaugen experiences strange dreams and wakes up to find Vera in his room. She tells him that a Bondel man has been hanged in Foppl’s courtyard.

The narrative describes the Herero rebellion of 1904-07, when German colonial forces tried to “systematically” (111) exterminate every Herero man, woman, and child, a genocide that killed 80% of the population. Foppl was a young soldier who took part in the genocide.

As the parties continue, Mondaugen begins to notice a pattern in his data. The more he works on the data, the more paranoid he becomes. One day, Mondaugen overhears Vera talking to Hugh Godolphin about Vheissu, which he insists is “gone and impossible to bring back” (112). She mentions their time in Florence, hinting that she may actually be Victoria Wren. Later, Mondaugen finds Hedwig’s room and finds her dressing up in the fashion of 1904, a time when she was not even alive. She refuses his sexual advances, and he runs back to his scientific equipment. On the way, he is stopped by Weissman. When he is accused of being a spy and a traitor, Mondaugen offers to show Weissman his “little broadcasts” (114). As Mondaugen works, however, Weissman falls asleep. Mondaugen finds Foppl kissing a portrait of his old genocidal military leader.

Hugh approaches Mondaugen; Vera has convinced him that Mondaugen is his son Evan in disguise. Hugh collapses due to exhaustion, so Mondaugen carries him to the turret where Weissman is still asleep.

Foppl and Hugh begin to blur together in Mondaugen’s mind. He comes to suspect that Vera is indoctrinating Hugh for some unknown reason. While the other guests continue to party, Mondaugen feels detached. He considers himself to be an observer, nothing more. Hugh is completely convinced that Mondaugen is his “strayed son” (117) Evan. Mondaugen feels a duty to his adoptive father, who rambles horrific, incoherent stories about the violent details of the Herero genocide.

Mondaugen continues to work on his data but struggles to make sense of the numbers. Hugh recovers his senses long enough to point out that Mondaugen is suffering from scurvy. Mondaugen becomes delirious, seeing disturbing imagery that blurs the parties and the genocide—some of which may be other people’s memories. Events blur together in a confusing stream, culminating in Foppl’s memory of chaining up a Herero woman named Sarah and sexually exploiting her until she dies by suicide.

When Mondaugen’s fever breaks, he looks out his window to see a “battle” (125) in the distance. While the partygoers watch the violence as though it were “a new phase of the siege party” (126), German soldiers kill Bondel men, women, and children. By this time, almost a third of the partygoers are bedridden with some form of illness. Weissman studies Mondaugen’s data and insists that he has “broken” (127) the code, but Mondaugen dismisses his claims. When Mondaugen sees Hugh and Vera whipping a bound Bondel man, he snaps and leaves. A Bondel man on a donkey offers Mondaugen a ride. The man has lost his arm and his family. He sings “in a small voice” (128) words that Mondaugen cannot understand.

Chapter 10 Summary: “In which various sets of young people get together”

The jazz musician McClintic Sphere returns to New York after playing a series of concerts for pretentious “white Ivy League” (128) students. Elsewhere, Esther and Slab discuss Slab’s paintings of cheese Danishes, which apparently symbolize his “revolt against Catatonic Expressionism” (129). He rejects her sexual advances.

The following night, Profane begins a new job. He is a nightwatchman at the Anthroresearch Associates, a subsidiary of Yoyodyne that performs experiments on space flight and automobile accidents. Profane feels a special affinity to the “lifelike” (130) test dummies used in the auto accident research. On his rounds, he talks to a dummy used for radiation tests. The dummy’s words haunt him.

In Roony’s apartment, Mafia and Profane discuss her antisemitism. He declines her sexual advances but wants to hear her theory of “Heroic Love” (131). Charisma crawls into the room, still under a blanket. He sings, and Mafia crawls under the blanket with him. Profane is left alone with his beer, thinking about different types of “mass deaths” (133).

In the brothel, McClintic and Ruby talk about her father. Meanwhile, Esther visits Schoenmaker, who tries to sell her another round of cosmetic surgery to bring out “the idea of Esther” (135). She leaves in tears. Profane and the radiation test dummy talk about the crimes of Adolf Hitler.

Across the city, young people drink, talk about sex, and evaluate their relationship with the Whole Sick Crew and their decadent ways.

McClintic leaves Ruby and travels to a party in Cape Cod. When he meets a girl, however, his thoughts are too preoccupied with Paola. He returns to New York City just in time to see Paola as she is about to leave. Charisma and Fu drunkenly take a “drooling and sick” (138) Saint Bernard dog to Mafia’s apartment, where Profane is talking to Rachel on the telephone. Amid their drunken decadence, Charisma gives beer to the dog. Stencil takes a dim view of the “nonsense” (139) of the Whole Sick Crew. He finds Paola, who hands him a collection of documents titled Confessions of Fausto Maijstral.

Chapters 7-10 Analysis

By the middle of the book, readers have become accustomed to Pynchon’s mode, Postmodernism. Key features of this mid-to-late-20th-century genre are the interpolation of many different elements of high and low culture, a destabilizing approach to plot and characterization, the thematic breaking of boundaries between The Animate and the Inanimate, and a constant shifting of registers from tragedy, to farce, to satire, and back again. Pynchon in particular uses another technique to alter and subvert the cohesion of language and meaning—wildly surreal character names. Names in the novel are sometimes simply ludicrous: We get “Dewey Gland,” an unpleasant biological description, and “Bongo-Shaftsbury” a funny combination of a small drum and the very high-toned English name of many illustrious earls. Other names are allusions to other pieces of art: McClintic Sphere’s last name borrows the middle name of renowned saxophonist Thelonious Monk; the Beatrice waitresses are eponymous with the paradisal beloved in Dante’s Inferno; Godolphin is the idealistic hero of a satirical Edward Bulwer Lytton novel; and Vera Meroving references the Merovingian dynasty, early and important rulers of France. Foreign names tend to be insulting descriptions: In German, zeitsuss means “sweet time,” an ironic name for the belligerent boss of the alligator-hunting squad; scheissvogel means “shit bird,” not a great name for a beer hall; mondaugen means “moon eyes,” possibly accusing the engineer of willful naïveté; and foppl means “stupid,” as befits a fascist.

The theme of The Animate and the Inanimate appears in several symbols in this section of the novel as well. The bejeweled dentures in Schoenmaker’s office represent the denaturing of the organic into something artificial, ostentatiously absurd, and functionally useless. If the teeth belonged to V., they are part of her literal embodiment of this theme, as she replaces parts of her body with prostheses. While the bejeweled teeth might seem pretty or valuable, they symbolize the decay at the heart of a society that embraces style over substance.

This section dives into several deeply disturbing topics. The novel’s recurring motif of antisemitism appears here with more force. The Esther and Schoenmaker (or “nice maker”) relationship, already dysfunctional and abusive, now takes on a menacing air of assimilationism-tinged violence, as Schoenmaker insists that a new (and implicitly less stereotypically Jewish-looking) nose will reveal the real Esther—an idea that carries within it references to Nazi-era antisemitic propaganda. Similarly, the novel addresses the colonial brutality and genocide enacted by German forces in South West Africa, as Foppl’s farm overlooks a battle between the vestigial remains of the German colonial presence and the local Bondel people. On the farm, colonialists embrace rape, murder, and violence: Foppl tortures and kills as a kind of sycophantic performance for his former commanding officer, while other guests also inflict vicious harm as a form of decadence and as a cover for their unspoken guilt about their treatment of the colonized and their racist fears about those they have oppressed. Though they regard the African peoples as lesser, it is the monstrous white residents of the farm who have dehumanized themselves. 

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