Their Finest Hour

Which socioeconomic and political issues in Germany after World War I led to the rise of Hitler and his ideology? Do these issues factor into Churchill’s speech? What does Churchill imply motivates Nazi ideology?

What is Churchill’s attitude toward France in this speech? How does he reconcile his stated solidarity with France with the decision not to commit all of Britain’s forces to defending it during the Battle of France?

Consider the tension between Churchill’s depiction of Britain as a last bastion of freedom and the reality of its colonial presence at the time. How does Churchill’s speech engage with the subject of Britain’s overseas empire?

On July 3, 1940, two weeks after Germany’s invasion of the USSR on June 22, 1941, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin gave a speech that was broadcast across the country. Compare Stalin’s speech to Churchill’s. What are the themes in Stalin’s speech? Are they similar to themes in Churchill’s speech? Compare rhetorical style and use of imagery as well.

Discuss Churchill’s use of humor and irony—e.g., his reference to providing German combatants with a “warm reception.” What purpose do these devices serve?

Compare Churchill’s depiction of Britain’s army, navy, and air force. What does he suggest are the strengths and weaknesses of each branch? How does he seek to allay listeners’ concerns regarding those weaknesses?

What characteristics does Churchill attribute, directly or indirectly, to the British people? How does he communicate those characteristics when he does state them directly?

Consider the structure of Churchill’s speech. How does it serve its overall meaning?