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47 pages 1 hour read

Kevin Powers

The Yellow Birds

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2012

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Chapters 6-8Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 6 Summary: “September 2004, Al Tafar, Nineveh Province, Iraq”

Returning to September 2004, in Al Tafar, Iraq, Chapter 6 picks up where Chapter 4 left off. As they are about to enter the orchard, Bart says, "I kept going because Murph kept going and Sterling and the LT kept going and the other squads would keep going and I was terrified that I would be the one who did not" (116). Bart seems to be in a fugue-like state; he is not really processing what is happening as the mortars begin to fall and they are under fire and firing back. Finally, the fighting dies down. 

Bart and Murph and Sterling find that one of their fellow soldiers, someone they don't really know, has been shot in the belly and is dying as the medics try to care for him. After the wounded private dies, Bart says aloud, "I thought he was going to say something" (119). Sterling says they never do, that he only saw it once. Bart feels like he needs to know what this one dying soldier's last words were, but Sterling tells him he will only "make it into something bigger than it is" (120), and instead Bart should look after Murph, who is on the ground and cradling the dead private's head in his lap. Instead, Bart keeps after Sterling, who says the last words were, "Hey, man, check if I shat my pants" (121). Bart vomits at this; meanwhile, an embedded photographer is documenting everything. 

Bart returns to Murph, who realizes he'd cut in line in front of the dead private. Bart tries and fails to comfort him by returning to the idea that there are probably still fewer than a thousand KIAs, and from his retrospective vantage thinks not going to Murph, when Sterling said to do so, is probably when Bart truly broke the promise he made to Murph's mother.

After a brief rest, the soldiers begin to clear the city itself, until they find a "body bomb”: "The man had been made an unwilling weapon. They'd captured and killed him and eviscerated him and stuffed his abdominal cavity with explosives" (127). The bomb is then detonated, sending the platoon sprawling and making them temporarily deafened. An ambush begins from all around them, with Bart firing back, "paying no attention then to the strange connections made inside of any mind, the small storms of electricity that cause them to rise and then submerge, then rise again" (126). Finally, they've killed all of the attackers, with Murph and Bart repeatedly shooting the corpse of one of them. Sterling encourages them, saying "Thorough, thorough is the way home" (126). The chapter ends with citizens of the town returning and the "muezzin call" from the mosque (127).

Chapter 7 Summary: “August 2005, Richmond, Virginia”

Chapter 7 picks up several months after Bart has returned to Richmond, after his tour of duty (the events of Chapter 5). Bart has fallen into a sort of routine in the intervening months, avoiding people (including his old friends), sleeping, walking to a store for beer, drinking, and, most of all, remembering and reliving his wartime experiences: “the caws [of crows] might strike in perfect harmony with the memory of the sound of falling mortars, and I, at home now, might brace for impact, come on, you motherfuckers, I’d think, you finally got me” (134). He compares the feeling to standing at the edge of a cliff: “going forward seems impossible, not for a lack of will, but a lack of space. […] And you can’t go back. So you want to fall, let go, give up, but you can’t” (134-35).

Eventually, Bart realizes that he doesn’t necessarily want to be alive any more, calling it “a passive wish,” and saying, “Sure, there is a fine line between not wanting to wake up and actually wanting to kill yourself” (135). His best friend from childhood, Luke, calls to invite him down to the river the following day, but Bart tells his mother, who is worried about him, he doesn’t want to talk and wanders off. He finds a place where he had apparently scrawled his initials, J.B., into a tree, though he doesn’t actually remember doing it. He returns home, packs a bag, and walks off again, thinking of Murph: “The closer I got to reconstructing him in my mind, the more the picture I was trying to re-create receded” (138). Bart walks down the railroad track to the bridge where they cross the river and ponders the water; then, when a train approaches, wishes he could hop aboard. He builds a fire by the river and sleeps.

In the morning, he wakes up and finds Luke and some friends swimming and diving in the river, and watches them from the bank. “I had become a kind of cripple,” Bart narrates, “They were my friends, right? Why didn’t I just wade out to them?” (144). From his retrospective point of view, the present-day Bart reflects on the trauma he was feeling at the time, saying, “everyone wants to slap you on the back and you start to want to burn the whole goddamn country down, you want to burn every goddamn yellow ribbon in sight, and you can’t explain it” (145).

Eventually, he wades out into the river and floats on his back, falling asleep and dreaming of a battered horse that comes out to nuzzle him in the water. He wakes again being pulled from the water by police after Luke has seen him floating off and has called 911. He shows his military ID, and the officer says, “Try to keep it together, buddy. You’ll be back in the swing in no time” (147). When he gets home, his mother confronts him, saying, “I don’t understand what’s happening to you” and revealing that she has gotten calls from “The Criminal Investigation Division” (C.I.D.) asking to speak with Bart (148). The chapter ends with Bart reflecting vaguely on what happened in Al Tafar: “Everything happened. Everything fell” (148).  

Chapter 8 Summary: “October 2004, Al Tafar, Nineveh Province, Iraq”

Chapter 8 returns to the events of 2004, in Al Tafar, after the battle. In the ensuing days, the platoon is applauded for doing such a fine job, and a major shows up to give out commendations, though few of the soldiers seem interested. Sterling receives “a Bronze Star for valor” (153). Bart notices Murph has missed the ceremony and has been seen less and less of late, thinking, “I started to get the impression he was avoiding me” (153). Bart becomes more concerned about Murph’s behavior: “I wanted to measure the particulars of Murph’s new, strange behavior and trace it back to one moment, to one cause, to one thing I would not be guilty of” (155). Bart again reflects on his promise to Murph’s mother.

Eventually, Bart goes to Sterling, who tells him, “You’d better get used to the fact that Murph’s a dead man” (155), because, “If you get back to the States in your head before your ass is there too, then you are a fucking dead man” (156). Bart begins to lose it, getting drunk and obsessing over his own death. He finds little tags Murph has left in various places that read “Murph was here” (159), and finally finds out from Sterling that Murph has been spending his days watching a female medic at the headquarters’ medic unit. Bart goes up there and finds Murph. They watch as a chopper drops off an injured soldier and the female medic and her colleagues rush out to try to save him. They hear the soldier die. Murph says, “I want to go home, Bart” (164). They see the medic exit again and cry. Bart realizes the real reason Murph watches the female medic is that “it might have been the last habitat for gentleness and kindness that we’d ever know” (164-65).  

The medic goes into the chapel. Murph and Bart begin walking away and mortars begin exploding around them. Bart loses track of Murph and finds a sewage ditch to shelter in until the barrage ceases. The apparent target was a small area of the base set aside for Iraqi merchants to sell their wares, which is seen as traitorous by the insurgents. Bart sees a wounded vendor die. Bart then returns to the chapel to find Murph. He finds Murph and another soldier tending to the body of the female medic, who has been killed in the blasts. Murph “curl[s] up helplessly in the still-smoldering ruins of the chapel, muttering to himself over and over again, ‘What just happened,’” while Bart and the other soldier carry her body back to the medic unit (172). The chapter again ends with the call of the muezzin.

Chapters 6-8 Analysis

Chapters 6 through 8 revolve around death and contain two of the most violent episodes of the Al Tafar timeline, setting up the final climactic moment that occurs in Chapter 10. Chapter 6 begins with birds: "When we neared the orchard a flock of birds lit from its outer rows" (115). Because of the novel's title and the disturbing marching cadence of the epigraph, this sends up warning flags, hinting at what is to come. Just a page later, we learn that "When the mortars fell, the leaves and fruit and birds were frayed like ends of rope" (116). This violence foregrounds the human violence to come, as the soldiers advance toward the battle, in order to retake the city. The images of birds also carry through the chapters, linking this moment to a moment early in Chapter 7, this section's only post-Iraq chapter, in which we see the most intense depiction of Bart's PTSD, when a crow's "caws might strike in perfect harmony with the memory of the sound of falling mortars" (134), reminding the reader of the scene in the orchard. This echo of the previous chapter not only creates a sense of cohesion between the time jumps, but also serves to highlight how present that past trauma is in Bart's mind, even months and years later. 

As Chapter 6 continues there are two significant, lingering scenes that revolve around a death, and more specifically a particular dead body. The first is the private they find "gut-shot and dying" (118). This moment, roughly halfway through the book, becomes a sort of hinge for the novel and its narrator. Bart says, "It is possible that I broke my promise in that very moment" (120), referring back to the promise alluded to, then dramatized, in Chapter 2. This becomes the fulcrum on which the novel shifts fully into Murph's downward spiral, paralleled by Bart's own, though obviously in different ways. The image Powers conjures here of Murph with the dead "boy's head in his lap" (120) foreshadows a later moment in the same chapter, when they encounter a body bomb whose "head was cut off and it lay on his chest like some perverted Russian doll" (123), and also foreshadows Murph's true breaking point, which occurs at the end of Chapter 8, after the medic has been killed: "Murph curled up helplessly in the still-smoldering ruins of the chapel, muttering to himself, over and over again, 'What just happened'" (172). 

The fact that so much death and violence occurs in both Chapters 6 and 8 helps bracket the PTSD Bart is feeling in Chapter 7, as he avoids his former friends, drinks, wanders alone, and thinks passively of wanting to die. Both Chapter 6 and Chapter 8 end with the call of the muezzin, calling the faithful to prayer after each episode of violence and trauma. The symbolism of the muezzin's song foreshadows a different aspect of the end of the novel, namely Bart coming to some semblance of peace at last, after his prison sentence is up.

Alongside Murph's gradual unhinging, in these chapters we also see Bart's steepening decline, not only in the post-Iraq chapter, but also back in Al Tafar, in Chapter 8. This section of the novel delves into the theme of the responsibility Bart feels for Murph after having made the promise to his mother to look after him. As they witness more and more death first hand, Bart, too, begins to lose his grip under the pressure of that promise, nearly deliriously drunk, and again echoing the image from the orchard in Chapter 6: "I was drunk. I saw Murph cradling my head, it's new concavity, saw him drag me by my arms" (158). The weight of their interdependence is dragging them both down.

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