39 pages • 1 hour read
Gary PaulsenA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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After his near-collision with the oil tanker, David remains frustrated and despondent. He attempts to fish but catches nothing. He eats a can of beef stew, but it makes him ill because it sat out open in the heat for most of the day. As he spends time trying to “learn” or remember any information that could help him in his current situation, he finds his mind wandering. He finally decides to go to bed, but he is awakened some time later by a strange noise that he struggles to identify. He finally realizes that he is hearing the light puffing sound of wind filling the sails. The wind has returned, and David is finally able to sail. He rises from his bed and quickly gets the sails in working order. Once the Frog is ready, he sets a course eastward toward home.
David sails throughout the night, with the Frog steadily picking up speed. As dawn breaks, he finds himself surrounded by a pod of killer whales. He is initially fearful, wondering if they will capsize the boat, but he realizes that they are swimming in the same direction that he is sailing, and they only gently bump the side of the Frog. It occurs to David that they are likely “playing” with the boat, and he realizes that they are friends, not enemies. He offers a quiet prayer to the ocean, acknowledging the power and awe of these creatures. After several hours, the killer whales swim away, and David feels sad to see them depart.
Although David has sailed all through the night, he is surprised to realize that he does not feel tired. He continues to set a course to the east, and his mood is greatly improved. He eventually notices dark clouds accumulating on the horizon and surmises that he and the Frog are going to sail into a decent wind. He refers to the Frog and himself as “we” and lets the boat know that he is going to prepare to reef sail—a method of sailing with the wind, in which the sails are lowered to prevent damage. David successfully navigates the Frog into the growing swells before exhaustion overtakes him and he goes into the cabin to sleep.
David is awakened from his slumber by the intense rocking of the boat. He goes back to the deck, and although it is pitch black, he can see that the waves have grown larger and more intense. He navigates the Frog through the swells, maintaining a course to the east, but he eventually realizes that the waves are simply too big and the wind is too strong. He elects to change course, shifting to the southeast and harnessing the wind, allowing it to push the Frog with great speed. David enjoys the pace at which he is sailing, but then notices a change in the surf around him. Realizing that the boat is rapidly approaching a beach, he hastily jumps into action to prevent the Frog from running aground. He narrowly misses colliding with the sand and takes the boat further from shore. As he surveys the beach, he is elated to have finally found land, but he is also disappointed that the area appears to be uninhabited.
David has no idea where he is. After sailing for a couple of hours to investigate, he guesses that he is off the coast of Baja California—much farther south than he had hoped. He grows frustrated again, because he had assumed that if he found land, he would immediately be saved. Now, David spots a break in the shore and surf and realizes that it is an entrance to a natural harbor. He sails the Frog into the harbor and anchors for the night. Feeling safe and secure for the first time in days, he drifts into a deep sleep.
David’s sleep is interrupted by a terrible odor which nearly causes him to throw up. He gets up and feels that his hair and shoulders are covered in a strange, slimy substance. He is disoriented, but he soon realizes that the cove is full of whales. The whales are expelling air from their blowholes—the sources of the smell and the slime—and many of them are breaching and cresting out of the water. David watches them from the Frog for the entire day. When they eventually leave the cove, David is pained to see them go and decides that he will depart as well. Upon leaving, he quickly observes that a storm is heading in their direction.
This time, David handles sailing in a storm with more confidence and realizes that he has grown into a more skillful sailor. He puts all his effort into keeping the Frog and himself safe from the wind and the waves. When the storm subsides after the better part of a day, David notices a ship coming toward him out of the sunset. The people on the ship wave at him, and it takes David a minute to realize that this is his chance to be rescued. He waves at the boat enthusiastically, and they eventually stop and turn on their deck lights. David introduces himself, and the crew says that they know who he is. They tell him that everyone in Ventura has been searching for him, but he has been presumed dead. The captain of the ship, which is a whaling research vessel, offers to give David safe passage back home. However, he stipulates that David will have to leave the Frog behind, as there is no way to bring it on board or to tow it. David gives the matter some thought and decides to sail home on the Frog rather than abandon his uncle’s boat. The captain is initially surprised but admits that he would make the same choice. The crew gives David a large bundle of supplies and food before they depart. David then sails in the direction of home.
The final chapters of The Voyage of the Frog showcase David’s growth and character development. His ordeal has helped him to become a better sailor and a stronger, more confident young man. However, this transition is not without its desperate moments, and before David realizes this new degree of maturity, he must overcome his overwhelming feelings of anger, frustration, and fear. Thus, this section first focuses on David’s lower moments as he struggles to put his mind at ease and torments himself with thoughts of food and the comforts of home. Significantly, Paulsen uses the weather as an external mirror for David’s inner state; just as he is caught in the doldrums, he finds himself unable to make any spiritual progress and must actively caution himself not to “think himself into another layer of hate” (104).
However, when the wind returns, so does his hope, and David changes into a more thoughtful, dedicated version of himself. He reflects that this inner change was instigated by a comparatively small thing, and the narrative states that this shift in weather “changed his whole life. One minute everything was awful and looked terrible and then a little wind could come and flop everything over” (112). However, David’s internal changes come from more than the improved sailing conditions, for he has also gained the skills and knowledge necessary for survival; he has learned more about the sea, his boat, and his own strengths. This marked change becomes apparent when he makes an observation about the waves and realizes that doing so “was a nautical way to think, and he did not know why he’d think that way now, but he did” (116). Thus, his time at sea improves his ability to observe the swells, currents, and weather conditions, and to respond accordingly. Faced with the enormity and the unpredictability of the ocean, he no longer falls immediately into a state of panic and discouragement.
The full extent of this inner transformation is demonstrated when David encounters another storm at the end of the novel, and successfully navigates the turbulent waters, proving his new prowess at Developing Self-Reliance and Survival Skills. With a sense of pride and accomplishment, he acknowledges that he is “different now,” and more importantly, he feels a greater connection with the Frog after so many days at sea. His second encounter therefore serves as a direct contrast to the first, and as he faces the dangers of the turbulent waves for the second dime, he resolves that “he would not let [the Frog] do it alone again, not let the sea have her again” (134). In this moment, David has grown from a rash and impulsive boy who would set sail without a plan to a young man who understands the care and effort needed to survive on the open ocean.
As David’s journey progresses, he falls more and more frequently into the habit of personifying his boat, referring to it as “she” and “her” and thinking of the boat as a person in her own right. As boy and boat weather the storm together, David’s newfound perseverance is deeply connected to his appreciation and outright love for his boat. Even though it was gifted to him by his uncle, it becomes his boat by the end of the novel, and the Frog takes on a life of her own. David thinks fondly about all that he and the Frog have endured and begins to refer to them both as a single unit; as the narrative states, “[H]e could no longer draw a line where he ended and the Frog began” (113). During the latter half of his adventure, he speaks openly to the Frog, urging her along and reassuring her whenever they are about to encounter difficult conditions. He knows that to make it home, he and the Frog must work as a team. After the second storm, the Frog has become a partner to David, and he is grateful for the boat’s presence and depends upon it for literal shelter and implicit emotional support. Given the depths of this connection, it is only logical that he refuses to abandon the boat in favor of receiving a comfortable ride back to Ventura on the research vessel. For David, he would no more leave the Frog behind than he would abandon a human companion, especially since they have gone through so much together. At this point, his internal growth has progressed to the point that he no longer needs to be rescued, and he understands that both he and the Frog deserve to return home.
By Gary Paulsen