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55 pages 1 hour read

Willa Cather

The Song of the Lark

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1915

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Parts 3-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “Stupid Faces” - Part 5: “Dr. Archie’s Venture”

Part 3, Chapter 1 Summary

Thea temporarily moves to a students’ club to cut back on her commute, but she doesn’t like being surrounded by so many other girls. She works as a singer in a church and as a piano accompanist to pay for her living expenses and singing lessons.

Bowers is a good teacher but is unpopular because he isn’t warm. Thea appreciates Bowers, but she judges his other singing students as unintelligent. Thea is worried that she keeps disliking things in her life rather than enjoying herself.

Part 3, Chapter 2 Summary

Thea moves around a lot because she can’t find a place she truly likes.

Bowers teaches two well-known singers named Miss Darcey and Mrs. Priest. Thea observes them as Bowers’s accompanist. She doesn’t like their technique, but she analyzes why they’re so popular with an audience.

Part 3, Chapter 3 Summary

Bowers’s former student comes back to town and returns to lessons. Frederick Ottenburg is the heir to a beer business, so his singing lessons are for pleasure. Fred is handsome and personable. He “had a way of floating people out of dull or awkward situations, out of their own torpor or constraint or discouragement” (129-30). Fred plays the piano while Thea sings for him. Bowers admires them together.

Part 3, Chapter 4 Summary

Fred arranges a singing job for Thea with the Nathanmeyer family. The Nathanmeyers are a wealthy family who host musical evenings. Fred assures Thea that Mrs. Nathanmeyer is well-established and will like her as long as she is herself. Fred takes Thea to the Nathanmeyers’ house so she can pick out a fancy dress from one of the daughters’ closets. Mrs. Nathanmeyer finds Thea interesting and different, but she’s not as impressed by Thea as Fred is. Thea sings for the Nathanmeyers, and Mrs. Nathanmeyer approves of her voice and technique.

Part 3, Chapter 5 Summary

Thea stays in bed sick with tonsilitis for a few days. She thinks constantly of Fred and misses seeing him in Bowers’s studio. A medical student who also lives in the house checks in on her regularly, but she is annoyed by the other residents’ efforts to show her kindness by leaving books and caring messages at her door, as she assumes they don’t truly like her. While she is sick, she realizes how much she missed her visits with Fred.

Part 3, Chapter 6 Summary

After recovering from tonsilitis, Thea looks and feels worn down. Fred asks her what she’s doing for the summer. Thea won’t go back to Moonstone without something to show for it—she believes that her year in Chicago has been a waste. Fred arranges for Thea to stay at his father’s ranch in Arizona to rest for the summer.

Part 4, Chapter 1 Summary

Thea finds relief in the natural beauty and peace of her travels to the Southwest. She isn’t sure she can return to Chicago because “[f]ailure was not so tragic as she would have supposed; she was tired enough not to care” (142). Away from the hustle of Chicago, Thea rediscovers happiness.

Part 4, Chapter 2 Summary

In this brief chapter, Thea spends her days exploring Panther Canyon. She finds a cave to relax in and is surprised at how much she enjoys spending days without thinking about work.

Part 4, Chapter 3 Summary

Thea observes the swallows, light, and lovely smells around Panther Canyon. She walks along old Indigenous paths and feels connected to the women who walked them in the past. Henry Biltmer runs the Ottenburg ranch and teaches Thea about the Navajo tribe who used to live on the land. Thea is inspired by Indigenous people’s pottery and connects their art to her singing.

Part 4, Chapter 4 Summary

Thea collects pieces of pottery found in Panther Canyon. She respects the pottery as both art and an emblem of how art can be used for utility. Thea feels connected to the past: “Not only did the world seem older and richer to Thea now, but she herself seemed older” (147). Fred sends word that he plans to visit soon. Thea is excited to see him. Traveling to Panther Canyon taught Thea about the expansiveness of the world, and she decides to move to Germany to study singing.

Part 4, Chapter 5 Summary

This chapter is narrated from Henry’s point of view, as he happens upon Fred and Thea playing around the canyon tossing rocks while he is out on a walk. After playing banter, Fred kisses her, Thea pushes him angrily, and he kisses her again. She tells Fred she didn’t mean to push him, he whispers something Henry can’t hear, and Thea laughs.

Part 4, Chapter 6 Summary

Fred admires Thea’s determination. He tells her that he believes she constantly has ulterior motives. He explains that many men wouldn’t like to be used the way Thea uses him because they want women to have the man as their ultimate goal. Fred asks Thea if she would like him to provide her with a comfortable life, but Thea wants her independence.

Part 4, Chapter 7 Summary

Thea enjoys having Fred around because they are constantly on the move, exploring the canyon and surrounding land. One afternoon, while they are hiking in the canyon, a vicious storm comes in and Fred and Thea hide in Thea’s cave. Thea wonders aloud if she is in love with Fred. Thea kisses Fred passionately.

Part 4, Chapter 8 Summary

In September, Fred asks Thea to travel with him to Mexico City instead of returning to Chicago. He wants Thea to marry him and suggests that the trip to Mexico City could be their time to figure out if she will marry him. Fred wants to make it his life’s mission to make Thea happy, but she doesn’t know that he is already married to another woman. He married his wife, Edith, on impulse, and now, years later, she lives in California while he lives in Chicago. Fred genuinely loves Thea, but he proposes the idea of marriage to her because he doesn’t believe she’s the marrying type.

Part 5, Chapter 1 Summary

Dr. Archie receives a letter from Thea postmarked from New York. Thea asks Dr. Archie to visit her in New York because she needs his help. Dr. Archie sells some of his shares in a mining venture so he can have money to bring to New York. He’s happy that Thea called on him for help.

Part 5, Chapter 2 Summary

Thea discusses Dr. Archie’s visit with Fred. Fred wants to be the one to fund Thea’s trip to Germany, but Thea trusts Dr. Archie more. Thea needs to tell Dr. Archie everything about her and Fred, but she’s confident that Dr. Archie won’t judge her. Fred takes credit for Thea’s embracing her identity as a singer and her beauty. He wants things between them to remain the same. He says that Thea is the kind of woman who would always have a unique life, even if she had stayed in Moonstone. But Thea knows that accepting Fred’s money means being a mistress. Fred wants to divorce his wife and be with Thea, but he worries that Thea will fall in love with someone else or forget about him when she goes to Germany.

Part 5, Chapter 3 Summary

Thea tells Fred about her conversation with Dr. Archie. Dr. Archie has agreed to fund Thea’s trip to Germany. He is accepting of Thea’s love for Fred, a married man.

Part 5, Chapter 4 Summary

Fred charms Dr. Archie at dinner. Dr. Archie notices how beautiful, confident, and worldly Thea has become.

Part 5, Chapter 5 Summary

Thea asks Fred for his help in paying Dr. Archie back. When Fred remarks that Thea is strange about money, she explains that she was once so poor that she stole blue silk and that only other poor people understand that relationship with money. Fred again promises to continue loving Thea.

Thea is excited about her trip to Germany. She dreams of her home in Moonstone, happy that her past has informed her future.

Parts 3-5 Analysis

In Parts 3-5, Thea’s character development is influenced by a new antipathy for singers, a new romantic relationship with Fred, and a renewal of her resolve to pursue her ambitions.

Thea’s antipathy for singers develops as she observes other singers at work. Unlike the piano, singing voices vary, and many singers Thea observes appeal to the masses. This appeal is, to Thea, connected to a sacrifice of technique. Thea had thought singers would be artists like her; instead, she sees them as unintelligent entertainers. This apathy is partly developed by her lack of progress in her career. This antipathy is also a result of her affinity with Mr. Bowers, who is well-known for being cold and distant. Thea mimics Mr. Bowers’s distance from his students. In his disdain for others, Thea learns how to be judgmental of the craft. On the one hand, this dislike characterizes Thea as bitter. But it also characterizes Thea as an artist-in-the-making. By figuring out what kind of singer she doesn’t want to be, Thea can more clearly define what being a singer means to her. This emphasizes the theme of The Development of the Artist.

Fred Ottenburg’s introduction is an important plot twist. Throughout the novel, men project their desires and fascinations onto Thea, but she is a mostly unromantic character. Thea can be emotionally moved by music, but she doesn’t have the same emotional ties with other people. Men appreciate Thea’s beauty and her uniqueness, but she doesn’t reciprocate their affection. Fred is the first man who stirs Thea’s desire and love. Thea is lonely and friendless, but that changes when Fred enters her life. Cather makes it clear that Fred’s intentions with Thea are romantic, but it isn’t until they meet in Arizona that Thea seems to shift in her perception of Fred as a possible lover. This highlights the theme of The Connection Between Nature and the Psyche.

Throughout the novel, Thea is characterized as the kind of woman who will not get married. This is an important characterization because it sets her apart from other, more traditional women of the era. This characterization emphasizes Thea’s devotion to music and ambition. Because she is an artist, she can’t have a conventional life. This emphasizes the themes of Sacrifice and Ambition and The Development of the Artist. Fred is the closest Thea gets to sacrificing her artistic ideals for a role as a man’s wife. Falling in love with Fred is therefore an indication of her character development, because it teaches Thea that she is capable of falling away from her pursuit of art. In another important plot twist, Cather reveals that Fred is married already. This emphasizes the importance for Thea to keep her resolve on her artistic endeavors. Thea is characterized as being self-reliant, and she must hold onto that characterization to be successful on her own merits; she can’t trust men to provide a certain life for her.

Thea is a multi-layered character. Although she is characterized as self-reliant and independent, it is also true that she takes advantage of her safety nets when she needs to. When Thea asks Dr. Archie for the money to go to Germany, he is not yet a wealthy man. Thea could ask her wealthy boyfriend Fred for the money, but she relies on the people of her past instead. Thea wants money to go to Germany without the strings attached to Fred. She knows that Dr. Archie will find a way to support her financially without judging her. As a woman in the 19th century, Thea has little recourse but to turn to men. Even the jobs that earn her some money are arranged by the men in her life. Dr. Archie is an example of a stock character whose purpose in the narrative is to uplift the protagonist. He is endlessly good, generous, and loving toward Thea. Unlike Fred, Dr. Archie is trustworthy because he will not take advantage of Thea’s reliance on their friendship.

In Parts 3-5, Cather uses the juxtaposition between Chicago and Panther Canyon to celebrate the peace humans can find in nature. This emphasizes the theme of The Connection Between Nature and the Psyche. Chicago is bustling, chaotic, and full of people who are pursuing an ambition they are likely to fail in. But Panther Canyon is beautiful, smells lovely, has a variety of plants, and is the home to a historical record of Indigenous life. In Chicago, Thea is uptight, judgmental, and unhappy. In Panther Canyon, Thea is happy, at one with the world, and inspired. Cather writes, “The high, sparkling air drank it up like blotting paper. It was lost in the thrilling blue of the new sky […] The old, fretted lines which marked one off, which defined her—made her Thea Kronborg, Bowers’s accompanist, a soprano with a faulty middle voice—were all erased” (142). Thea is given a couple of months to be a different version of herself and not be consumed by work and ambition. Thea and Fred’s love becomes solidified in Panther Canyon precisely because they are in that setting, far away from the influences and stressors of city life. Thea rests well in Panther Canyon, which revives her singing aspirations. Thus, Panther Canyon is a necessary part of Thea’s journey to success. This is characteristic of Cather’s literature, which is defined by human society’s relationship with nature and the environment. 

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