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52 pages 1 hour read

Beverley Naidoo

The Other Side of Truth

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2000

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Chapters 11-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 11 Summary: “Police Business and Cool Gaze”

While Sade and Femi are in the vandalized video shop, Sade remembers when the police came to their compound in Nigeria. Folarin asked them for a warrant, and Sade was upset. Two police officers come to the video store, and the employee cannot give them any proof that Sade and Femi were part of the crime. Sade remembers police officers pushing her father into a truck. The London police officer takes Sade and Femi to the station.

Chapter 12 Summary: “State of Emergency”

Sade remembers her parents looking at photographs of people the police killed outside the library at the university. They were protesting for free elections and a free press. Some newspapers have been shut down, and some are too afraid to publish what is happening. This memory took place two days before the officers took Papa away.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Two Parcels, No Address”

The children meet a social worker named Robert. He finds a woman named Mrs. Graham who is willing to take them in as a temporary foster mother. Mrs. Graham’s building looks dirty from the outside, but the inside of her flat is clean. Femi sleeps in the same room as a boy named Kevin, and Sade sleeps in a room with two other children.

Chapter 14 Summary: “Voices in the Dark”

Sade packs her bag when she hears screams. She then hears shots, and when she runs outside, she sees Papa and Mama, and Mama is dead. She hears crying and realizes she woke the little children and has tears on her face from her dream. She covers her head and pretends to be asleep. She covers her mouth so Mrs. Graham will not hear her crying.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Trouble with the Truth”

Sade realizes that Papa got in trouble for telling the truth. Mrs. Graham lends them some clothes to wear, and Jenny, a social worker, comes to talk to the children. Sade is afraid that the London police will talk to the Brass Buttons back in Nigeria. Sade writes her and Femi’s names on a piece of paper for Jenny. When asked for their last name, she gives their mother’s last name, Adewale. When asked where they live, she gives the name of a city close to where they live.

Chapter 16 Summary: “Refugees?”

All Jenny knows is that something happened in Nigeria that was bad enough that the children were sent away. She tells the children that they will have to apply for asylum. Jenny mentions Ken Saro-Wiwa. Sade recognizes the name because he worked at Uncle Tunde’s university, and her father had been writing about him. The children will stay with Mrs. Graham for a few days; in the meantime, the social worker will look for a Nigerian family for them to stay with. Sade thinks back to when her parents learned that Saro-Wiwa was executed; Mama told Papa to be careful. Papa said he had to be able to look himself in the mirror. Back in the present, Sade asks Femi if it is okay to give their real name. He does not answer. They find a phone book and try to call Uncle Dele, but they cannot get the phone to work properly. Later, they ask Mrs. Graham to help them. She tries to make the call, but the line is dead.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Lies Thicken”

Jenny and Mrs. Appiah from the Refugee Council come to speak with the children. Mrs. Appiah is from Ghana, and she tells them that they can call her Mama or Auntie like they do at home. Sade remembers Mama Buki pulling her and Femi to her and starts to cry. Sade explains that they have an uncle in London that they cannot find. After three days, Mama Appiah takes the children to a refugee lawyer, Mr. Nathan. Sade remembers that she was told good lawyers are good detectives. Femi will not talk to Sade to help her come up with a plan on what to say. Mr. Nathan says they will apply for asylum for the children in London. Femi tells him that they came to London with a woman, but they do not know her name. They remember Mrs. Bankole’s threat about not telling anyone her name.

Chapter 18 Summary: “Hawk Lady and Hawk Man”

Everything seems gray. The children go with Mr. Nathan and Mama Appiah to the Immigration and Nationality Department, where there is a line outside. This is the only government building where people have to wait outside. Sade notices that Mr. Nathan keeps calm like Uncle Tunde does. They go through a metal detector and head to the Asylum Screening Unit, where they have to be fingerprinted. Femi protests because he is not a criminal, and Mr. Nathan says that many people believe children should not be fingerprinted. When Femi objects, the woman asks Mr. Nathan to speak to Femi in his own language, but Mr. Nathan explains that Femi understands English just fine. The woman says she will not force Femi to be fingerprinted, but he is unlikely to get Temporary Admission without it. Femi complies. Sade feels dirty after being fingerprinted. Afterward, she tries to guess the nationalities of all of the people around them, and she tries to remember Papa’s map. When they are called, Mr. Nathan explains their situation and that the children need more time to supply all of the details. They are approved, and their Temporary Admission form says “CLAIMS TO BE” next to the last name they gave (105). Mr. Nathan tells the children that they can now start school, and this surprises Sade, as she never imagined going to a school other than her own in Nigeria.

Chapter 19 Summary: “Welcome”

The children arrive back at Mrs. Graham’s house. Jenny is there, and Kevin gives them an unfriendly grin. Jenny tells them that she found them another foster home because the Grahams’ place was just an emergency home for them. They will be living with Mr. and Mrs. King. Mama Appiah tells them not to worry, but this seems impossible to Sade when they are in a strange land and do not really know anyone.

Sade can tell that her brother is miserable as they head to the Kings’ home. She considers what Mama would expect of her: “You must help your brother, Sade. Sorrow is like a precious treasure, shown only to friends” (109). Mrs. King is wearing a bright dress, and there are a lot of books and magazines in their home. The Kings tell the children to call them Auntie Gracie and Uncle Roy. Uncle Roy says that they could even be related because their ancestors are from West Africa. He is really interested in learning about the continent. The children’s bedrooms contain a lot of color. Auntie Gracie makes them a familiar meal and explains that schools in England are not as strict as the ones in Nigeria.

Chapter 20 Summary: “Sea of Faces”

Femi goes to the headmistress’s office at Greenslades Elementary School, and Sade is concerned about him. He would not even go with Auntie Gracie to buy them school clothes. Sade goes to the nearby Avon School, which is a concrete building, and there is a crisps wrapper on the ground. A teacher, Miss Harcourt, interviews her. The woman is wearing pants, and Sade thinks about how female teachers in Nigeria would never have worn pants. Miss Harcourt says that Sade’s English is good, and this seems strange to her, as she has known English ever since she could talk. Sade sees the other students and thinks about how in Nigeria they never would have been allowed to break dress code rules like the children do in England. She is also surprised by how much noise the children are allowed to make. Sade goes into Mr. Morris’s room. Before she goes in, Miss Harcourt brings a girl named Mariam out and asks her to help Sade. Mariam is from Somalia. Kevin is also in the class.

Chapters 11-20 Analysis

The stakes of speaking out in Nigeria are emphasized beginning in Chapter 11, and this helps demonstrate just how brave and committed to his cause Folarin is. People are shot, and Folarin sees the pictures. Newspapers are shut down, but Folarin continues to write although other people have become too afraid to speak out. He even receives death threats. All of this is meant to deter people from speaking out, and it points to the Nigerian government’s level of fear of its citizens’ learning the truth. The government is military and authoritarian. The people know the government is corrupt, and the government’s only way to keep everyone from uprising is through fear. The government acts violently, and it works to keep most people quiet, but it does not silence Folarin. This demonstrates not only Folarin’s bravery but also his belief that free speech matters. Folarin would not have risked so much if he did not believe in the importance of freedom of speech and its power to create real change.

The children are brought into a temporary foster home, and the outside of it is reminiscent of other buildings Sade sees in London, demonstrating that this home will not ultimately be where they find peace. While the inside of Mrs. Graham’s home is clean, and Mrs. Graham is kind, the outside of her building looks grubby and plain. Sade also describes other areas in London as dreary. When Naidoo employs these descriptions, they almost always describe a place where the children will feel unwelcome. In the case of Mrs. Graham’s home, her son, Kevin, makes the children feel unwelcome. He will continue to cause problems for the children because he is friends with the bullies at the school Sade will later attend.

Sade’s dreams often reflect her inner torments. In the dream in Chapter 14, Sade is packing her bag. At this point in the novel, this appears to be a minor detail reflected in the dream because this is what she was doing when her mother was shot. Later, it will be revealed that Sade feels guilty for her mother’s death: She believes it is her fault her mother died, because she was delayed when Sade took too long getting her bag ready. She thinks that if she had been ready sooner, her mother would not have been shot. When minor details like this point to Sade’s inner realities, this demonstrates that her dreams are an effective window into her emotions. Dreams are an apt symbol for her internal feelings as a space in which she processes her emotions.

Sade tells her first outright lie of the novel in Chapter 15 when she gives the wrong last name and hometown. While she believes these are necessary lies, they also lead to the desecration of her self-esteem, because she prides herself on living up to her parents’ high ideals. Sade’s lies are not motivated by a desire to deceive others. Rather, she makes this choice because she wants to protect her father. She believes that the police will find her father if she gives her real name, and she does not trust the English police much more than she trusts the Nigerian police. Based on what she knows, the dishonesty might be considered a wise decision, but this does not make it any easier for Sade. She was taught to tell the truth and feels that she is disappointing her family by being dishonest. Sade feels guilty, but these feelings will escalate as she deceives people more and more. She always deceives for purposes that she finds noble, but she also sees that one lie leads to others and believes they will ultimately taint her soul.

The social services workers in England want to find a Nigerian couple for Sade and Femi to stay with, which demonstrates their belief in the importance of culture and tradition. This illustrates Naidoo’s theme that culture makes people feel at home. While Kevin is unkind to the children, Mrs. Graham is welcoming and kind. Still, her culture is very different from what the children are comfortable with. Their school will also prove to be very different from their Nigerian school, providing yet another culture shock. Being placed with a couple from Jamaica whose customs are similar to their own helps make Sade feel more comfortable. The Jamaican family traces their ancestors to Africa, and this is why they share some traditions with Sade and Femi. Because this placement works out so well for Sade, it demonstrates Naidoo’s view of the importance of familiarity and customs.

Naming conventions are an integral part of culture, and people in London generally are unfamiliar with naming conventions in Nigeria. Because of this, immigration workers have the children call them by the titles mister and missus. Mama Appiah is from Ghana, however, and she understands that the children will be more comfortable calling her Mama Appiah than missus. In a similar way, the Kings tell the children to call them Auntie Gracie and Uncle Roy. These naming conventions are yet another way that Naidoo demonstrates how important familiarity is for the children and how unaware many people in England are of Nigerian ways. The children are in a foreign country, and anything that reminds them of home brings them comfort. Since names are often an indicator of culture, Naidoo shows how much culture matters to groups of people and to individuals.

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