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Thrity UmrigarA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The phrase “museum of failures” is an important motif in the book. It first appears when Remy is reflecting on how happy he was to receive admittance into his Master of Fine Arts program in the US, as it allowed him to leave Bombay behind. Remy thinks of Bombay as the “museum of failures” (17), and he could not wait to escape it.
However, over time, the term evolves to mean more than just this city. When Remy imagines Cyrus talking to him, Cyrus advises Remy to leave the past behind when he returns, as the only way to escape the “museum of failures” is to burn it down (242). Here, the museum of failures is equated with memories and the past, deriving from the literal meaning of the word “museum.” Just as a museum is a space in which artifacts of history are archived, Remy’s past and memories, too, are housed in Bombay. This includes the things about his past of which he is conscious, like his relationship with Shirin, as well as those of which he is unaware but have nevertheless influenced his life, like Cyloo’s existence and Cyrus’s decisions.
In Remy’s case, the museum of failures also highlights The Disparate Threads of the Immigrant Experience. For Remy, Bombay is a city he wanted to escape partly because of his painful past and partly because he believes that India always disappoints. He thus moved to the US believing that it would give him a better life. His visit back home, however, showcases that things are not as different in both places as he always believed; the US is not the utopia he first thought it was when he arrived there. Thus, Remy begins to reconcile the Indian aspect of his identity, with respect to both his culture and his family, with his life in the US. Accordingly, he discards Cyrus’s advice to leave the “museum of failures” behind; instead, he accepts everything it houses and integrates it into his worldview.
Food is a motif in the novel. When Remy first finds Shirin in the hospital, she is malnourished and dehydrated. Her refusal to eat or drink is not entirely a symptom of her physical illness; this, along with her lack of speech, also stems from a lack of will to live. She has nothing in her life to look forward to and no one to give her love and care.
When Remy begins caring for Shirin, his way to nurse her back to health is to try and coax her to eat. Feeding is both a physical and emotional act of care, especially as Remy focuses not on nutrition but on foods that he can use to connect with Shirin. He brings her dessert and sugary foods that he knows she loves. Similarly, the first thing Shirin says to Remy that he actually understands is her request for a Coke. Remy and Shirin’s relationship begins healing through food.
This is also possible because food reminds Remy of some happy memories he shared with Shirin as a child. He reminisces about how Shirin would make tasty chicken sandwiches for him. Shirin reiterates her love for him by promising to make them for him again; while she is never well enough to do so, she does organize a lunch feast for his birthday. Food points to The Complicated Nature of Family Relationships. Despite the past abusive relationship between mother and son, they are still able to connect with and show each other affection in the present through food.
Besides family relationships alone, food is also a way of connection between other characters in the book. Remy is overwhelmed when Shenaz brings him his favorite chocolate cake, as it is a gesture of affection and makes him feel nostalgic and comforted. Similarly, when Monaz meets Shirin for the first time, she brings chicken patties; Shirin, in turn, expresses her approval of Monaz by accepting and eating one.
Religion is another motif in the novel. Being Parsi is an essential part of Remy’s identity and worldview, influenced in turn by Umrigar’s own Parsi background. The Parsi culture is inextricably tied to their faith; Parsis follow Zoroastrianism, and they zealously protect their faith by disallowing conversion into the religion or marriages outside of it. For Remy, escaping to the US also meant a disconnect with his Parsi identity and culture: His embrace of the American life meant marrying an American woman as well. However, when Remy returns to India, he begins to reexamine the Indian aspect of his identity; part of this involves reconnecting with his religion and culture. Remy’s friend Gulnaz takes him to the fire temple, and Remy unexpectedly finds peace there. Later, when Remy and Shirin visit Cyloo’s grave together, he offers Zoroastrian prayers for her mother. Thus, religion points to The Disparate Threads of the Immigrant Experience.
By Thrity Umrigar
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