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125 pages 4 hours read

Ray Bradbury

The Martian Chronicles

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1950

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“August 1999: The Earth Men”Chapter Summaries & Analyses

“August 1999: The Earth Men” Summary

After their arrival on Mars garners no reaction, Captain Williams and his crew from the Second Expedition enter a nearby town and start knocking on doors. They first encounter Mrs. Ttt, who appears to speak English but assures the humans that she is practicing telepathy instead. The humans cannot understand her calm reaction to their presence nor why she displays little interest in their monumental achievement. Instead, she focuses on her baking and eventually forgets about them. She sends them to other Martians who may be more willing to help them, but every Martian they meet is unimpressed and more concerned with the minutia of their own lives. Mr. Aaa is concerned with his feud with Mr. Ttt, a young Martian girl claps “a golden mask over her face” (27) and focuses on her golden spider toy, and the intellectual Mr. Iii is focused on an impending lecture he is to deliver.

Mr. Iii does give Williams a few papers to sign, then gives him a key which will unlock a door down the hall, counseling the men to lock themselves behind the door until morning. Williams experience relief, sure that they will receive the accolades they are due. Once they are inside the room, however, they realize they have been committed to psychiatric facility in which all the patients claim to be from other planets.

The next morning, Mr. Xxx the head psychologist, tells Williams that he is not human: He is a Martian with a mental health condition and the other members of his crew are manifested hallucinations and proof of his psychosis. Williams convinces Mr. Xxx to accompany them to their ship, but when he does, Mr. Xxx simply assumes that the ship is also a manifested hallucination.

Mr. Xxx executes the crew, believing they will disappear afterward, and when they do not, Mr. Xxx assumes Williams is his hallucination and kills him, too. When the bodies and the rocket do not disappear, Mr. Xxx assumes his perception has broken from reality, and he dies by suicide.

“August 1999: The Earth Men” Analysis

Again, the story subverts the conquering moment of humans setting foot on Mars; human initiative is once again placed in the background and used for tragicomic effect. The first part of the story is a comedy of manners, downplaying the momentousness of human achievement in favor of regulating normal Martian society. Williams’ need for validation and confirmation of his achievement are played as failings which blind him and his crew to the dangers around them.

Once they realize they are in a psychiatric facility, one of the crew suggests that the Martians are part of a declining society that is used to witnessing people behaving erratically—therefore the Martians are unbothered by the human appearance. Indeed, their society is depicted as fractious (Mr. Aaa is ready to undertake a duel over a small matter of manners). The widespread use of masks, the hiding of self which seems integral to Martian society, is also ignored by the plainspoken Captain, who cannot see past the need to celebrate himself.

The latter half of the story examines how belief is constructed and perpetuated by societal norms. Mr. Xxx refuses to hear the captain’s protestations, to accept new ideas, or to reconsider his knowledge, even to the point of causing his own death. While Williams counters Mrs. Ttt’s offer to explain her culture with the declaration: “‘We don’t want to know anything […] We already know it’” (24). The striking conclusion of the story suggests that if an open dialogue were initiated, rather than either side relying on their own assumptions, a common ground might be established and interactions between the two groups wouldn’t end tragically.

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