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51 pages 1 hour read

Raymond Chandler

The Lady in the Lake

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1943

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Chapters 9-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 9 Summary

Marlowe stops in a hotel to freshen up and eat. When he returns to his parked car, a woman named Birdie Keppel is in it. She introduces herself as a reporter for the “Puma Point Banner” (51) as well as a hairdresser. He offers her a ride and they talk about the corpse. Marlowe doesn’t think Chess is a murderer and says he isn’t investigating his case. Birdie tells Marlowe about a policeman from Los Angeles looking for a woman named Mildred Haviland, who looks like Muriel Chess. Later, the reader learns that Mildred and Muriel are the same person. However, Birdie didn’t see the policeman’s badge; he only said his name was De Soto. Later, the reader learns that De Soto is an alias for Degarmo. Marlowe drops Birdie off, and she assures him that she is a better hairdresser than an interviewer.

Chapter 10 Summary

Marlowe calls Kingsley to update him about Bill and Muriel Chess. Kingsley says Muriel and Crystal were friends, but he’s never heard of Mildred Haviland. As he leaves the phone booth, Marlowe has to walk around a deer that blocks the sidewalk. He also passes by Patton’s office as he walks around the area.

Chapter 11 Summary

Marlowe goes to Bill Chess’s cabin, hits a window frame with a rock to open it, and pulls himself inside. Patton is there, sitting in a chair and shining a flashlight at Marlowe. Patton researched Marlowe’s identity and figured that, as a private detective, he would eventually break into the cabin. Marlowe shows Patton his detective’s license and admits he’s working for Kingsley and looking for Crystal. They talk about the possibility that Chess may have murdered his wife and taken her clothes and car somewhere else. Marlowe asks Patton if he thought Muriel and Mildred looked alike when he saw Mildred’s picture. Patton admits that he withheld information about their similarities from De Soto, and he reveals that Muriel’s car and clothes were found at “Coon Lake” (65). Then, Patton shows Marlowe the chain of an anklet he found hidden in the sugar bowl. Marlowe believes a woman, not Bill Chess, hid it. Patton doesn’t believe Chess is guilty of premeditated murder, but he believes that he may have accidentally killed Muriel when he meant only to hurt her.

Chapter 12 Summary

After watching Patton drive off, Marlowe doubles back to Chess’s cabin. Inside, he notices a brand-new slip and finds it suspicious. Marlowe looks through other baking supplies for more hidden objects. He is startled by a deer outside, but eventually finds the charm from the anklet in the sugar. It is engraved “Al to Mildred” (71). Marlowe concludes that Muriel and Mildred are the same person. He takes the charm, and his conclusion, to Patton. Marlowe now thinks Muriel was murdered by someone from her previous life, when she was known as Mildred.

Chapter 13 Summary

Around 11, Marlowe arrives at the Prescott Hotel in San Bernardino. He has a drink with the bellhop who brings in his luggage. Marlowe gives the bellhop, whom he calls “Big Tex” (75), some money to ask around about Crystal, trying to discern whether she was staying in the hotel on June 12. Big Tex finds the person who checked her out, Les, and sends him to Marlowe’s room. Marlowe gives Les a drink and a dollar, but Les doesn’t like talking to private detectives and won’t even agree that Les is his name before he leaves the room.

Big Tex returns to Marlowe’s room and admits that he is Les and that he asked the other bellhop to pose as him. He says that he only watched Crystal’s things in exchange for a tip. Marlowe shows Les a picture of Crystal, but Les thinks that she looks like many other blond women. Lavery is also in the picture, and Les, after obtaining a couple more dollars, confirms that Lavery was with Crystal in the hotel lobby. However, he is not completely sure about every little detail about Crystal, and this makes Marlowe think he is telling the truth. Les has a few more drinks, and Marlowe gives him a few more dollars before he leaves Marlowe’s room. Marlowe decides to drive home, and the man who doesn’t like detectives checks him out.

Chapter 14 Summary

Marlowe dreams about being underwater with the blond corpse. He gets up to smoke a cigarette, then goes back to sleep. In the morning, he cleans up and is starting to eat breakfast when there is a knock on his door. Floyd Greer, a lieutenant from the “Central Detective Bureau” (80), is there. Marlowe is under suspicion because he was present when Muriel’s corpse was discovered. Marlowe says he’s shared all his information with Patton. Greer tells Marlowe that they are fingerprinting the corpse for positive identification. Marlowe won’t reveal the nature of his case, and Greer tells him to not leave town. After Greer leaves, Marlowe confirms that Greer—but not De Soto—works for the police over the phone. This is because De Soto is merely an alias used by Degarmo, as the reader later learns. Marlowe calls Kingsley and informs him about Lavery being with Crystal at the hotel and Greer’s visit. They also talk about Mr. and Mrs. Chess. Kingsley believes the corpse in the lake has nothing to do with his case and tells Marlowe to drop it. After their call, Marlowe begins driving to Bay City.

Chapter 15 Summary

Marlowe returns to Lavery’s apartment and finds a woman with a gun. She introduces herself as Mrs. Fallbrook, the owner of the building, but it is later revealed that this is a false identity. After she says she is there for the rent, Marlowe claims to be there for a car payment and calls himself Philo Vance. Mrs. Fallbrook claims she found the gun on the stairs, then gives it to Marlowe. He notes that it is empty and has been fired relatively recently but doesn’t share this information. Marlowe asks Mrs. Fallbrook if she shot Lavery, and she claims she didn’t. She asks him to leave and he refuses. After they argue, she runs off, and Marlowe begins his search of the apartment.

Chapter 16 Summary

As Marlowe looks through Lavery’s apartment, he discovers both men’s and women’s clothing. He breaks open the bathroom door lock and discovers Lavery’s corpse, with several bullet holes, in the tub. Marlowe thinks the scene points to a female murderer. He finds another clue—a handkerchief embroidered with the initials “A.F.”—and connects these initials with Adrienne Fromsett. Marlowe leaves the apartment after hiding all signs that he has been there.

Chapters 9-16 Analysis

At the small-town hotel where he meets the reporter Birdie Keppel, Marlowe notices that there is “War news on a small radio” (51), a reminder that the story unfolds against the backdrop of World War II. This detail foreshadows the presence of the military sentry—placed at the Puma Lake dam because of the war—who kills Degarmo at the end of the novel.

In this section, Chandler develops the theme of Identity and Deception. The reader is led to believe that there are several blond women who look very similar. A hotel employee, Les, says, “These small blondes are so much of a pattern that a change of clothes or light or makeup makes them all alike or all different” (77). With this casual remark, Les gives voice to the objectification of women that pervades the novel’s patriarchal world. Men reduce women to “a pattern”—an agglomeration of conventional signifiers, the most obvious of which is long, blond hair—and lose the ability to see their individuality. The novel’s femme fatale, Mildred/Muriel, takes advantage of this self-imposed, societal blindness. Les can’t conclusively identify which blond woman he saw when Marlowe interrogates him. In the end, we learn that Mildred is all of the women who seem to look alike—she becomes Muriel and Crystal. She puts Crystal’s corpse in the lake where it decomposes more quickly than it would on land, removing individual features and literally reducing Crystal to a blond, female body indistinguishable from others. Several people note how the “body’s pretty far gone” (81). In other words, it takes some time to identify it as Crystal and not Muriel.

Like Mildred, Marlowe and Degarmo also use fake identities. Both women and men are part of Chandler’s exploration of Identity and Deception. When he meets Mrs. Fallbrook (another identity of Mildred’s, Marlowe pretends to be “Philo Vance” (89), a loan collector looking to collect an overdue car payment. Since she is carrying a gun, he suspects her of murder and hides his real name. On the other hand, Degarmo calls himself De Soto when he goes looking for Mildred in Little Fawn Lake. Marlowe has to call the police to learn that they “don’t have a De Soto on the roster” (82). Degarmo uses this fake identity to keep a low profile after helping Mildred cover up the murder of Florence. Throughout the novel, Marlowe is presented as the inverse of the criminals he pursues, using their own deceptive techniques to outwit them. While they hide their real identities to escape justice, Marlowe hides his to pursue justice. 

Degarmo’s deception and criminality illustrate the prevalence of Institutional Corruption. He takes advantage of the positive public perception of police officers, while Marlowe struggles with the stigma against private detectives. Patton, the police officer in Little Fawn Lake, says being a private investigator is “Kind of smelly work, to my notion” (62). Metaphors of smell and dirt occur frequently in the novel to describe corruption, evoking the literal meaning of the word corruption, which denotes physical rot. Again and again, people assume that Marlowe is “smelly” or “dirty” because he does not have the imprimatur of an official institution, while they assume that police officers like Degarmo are “clean” because they belong to institutions sanctioned by the law. The irony at the heart of the novel is that despite appearances, Marlowe is the one who pursues the truth without compromise, while respectable civic institutions are hotbeds of corruption. Patton is one of the few good cops, but even he is prejudiced against private investigators. People outside of the police force also dislike detectives. For instance, the Prescott Hotel employees note that they “don’t like dicks here” (76) and are reluctant to help Marlowe with his investigation, which makes his work difficult. He is more interested in the truth than the police officers of Bay City are, and he has to work harder than they do. Degarmo is able to conceal crimes and use false identities without suspicion because he is part of the police force.

Lastly, Chandler introduces the motif of the anklet in this section, which symbolizes the permanence of identity. Patton knocks over some “confectioner’s sugar” (67) and finds the anklet’s chain. However, he doesn’t look further into the sugar for the anklet’s charm. Marlowe goes back into Chess’s cabin and finds a gold heart charm deeper in the sugar. It is engraved with “Al to Mildred. June 28th 1939. With all my love” (71). The anklet—a metal chain that fastens around the ankle like a shackle—symbolizes the identity Mildred seeks to escape. After finding the charm, Marlowe figures out that Muriel and Mildred are the same person, literally chaining her to her criminal identity in a manner that foreshadows her coming arrest. Later, he learns of her other identities.

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