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35 pages 1 hour read

H. G. Wells

The Invisible Man

Fiction | Novella | Adult | Published in 1897

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Chapters 16-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary: “In the ‘Jolly Cricketers’”

Marvel reaches the bottom of the hill and begs to enter a pub called The Jolly Cricketers, hoping to lock himself inside a room as shelter from the Invisible Man’s murderous pursuit. The barkeep and patrons try to hide Marvel and lock all the doors, but they can’t get the last door locked in time. A police officer and the barkeep try to capture the Invisible Man, but he eludes their grasp and delivers several surprise blows. A revolver triggers and shoots a mirror, giving the Invisible Man time to escape into the yard. Once outside, he throws a rock at one of the men, who retaliates with bullet fire across the horizon. The patrons get a lantern and search for what they assume will be an injured or dead invisible body.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Dr. Kemp’s Visitor”

Kemp hears gunshots at the bottom of the hill. He sees a crowd gathered and wonders, “What are the asses at now?” (70). He ignores the noise and continues working until 2 a.m. When he prepares for bed, he notices a pool of blood on the floor—then on his bedroom doorhandle, and on his bedsheets. He then sees a bloody bandage, seemingly suspended in midair. The Invisible Man has snuck into Kemp’s house to dress his wound, but he is astonished to see Kemp because the two of them were once schoolmates. When the Invisible Man reveals himself to Kemp as “Griffin [...] almost an albino, six feet high, and broad, with a pink and white face and red eyes” (73), Kemp is sure he is losing his mind. Eventually, he calms down and offers Griffin clothing and food. Kemp wants an explanation for Griffin’s invisibility. The Invisible Man says he cannot explain due to pain, fatigue, and lack of sleep. Kemp offers his room for the night.

Chapter 18 Summary: “The Invisible Man Sleeps”

Before the Invisible Man will allow himself to sleep, Kemp must assure him that he will not report his location. Kemp doesn’t understand his concern, but he assures the Invisible Man that he will not alert anyone. As the Invisible Man sleeps, Kemp looks through his old newspapers and reads the stories he previously ignored. He now knows that “he’s not only invisible [...] but he’s mad! Homicidal!” (79). Kemp must act. He begins a letter to Colonel Adye but is interrupted by the sound of the Invisible Man waking up in a rage.

Chapter 19 Summary: “Certain First Principles”

Hearing Griffin’s sounds, Kemp goes upstairs to investigate. They discuss Griffin’s path to invisibility: Six years ago he was studying “optical density” (82) when he realized that nearly anything can be made transparent, and “a transparent thing becomes invisible if it is put in any medium of almost the same refractive index” (83). The Invisible Man and Kemp discuss jellyfish and other translucent sea creatures as examples. When he realized he had all the knowledge required to turn himself invisible (knowledge contained in the books he has been carrying until Marvel hid them), Griffin resolved to get the funds for his experiments. So, he robbed his father. The money, however, was not really his father’s—and his father shot himself.

Chapter 20 Summary: “At the House in Great Portland Street”

The Invisible Man recounts his father’s funeral, which interrupted his work: Any grief paled in the face of his obsessive experimentation. In a rented room in London, he first turned a piece of white cloth invisible. Next, he experimented on a white cat. The cat didn’t vanish, except for the eyes, but it made terrible yowling sounds which concerned the neighbors and landlord. After this, he turned the experiment on himself and learned that the process is incredibly painful (which must be why the cat howled so). The pain lasted all night, until he thought he may not survive it.

In the morning, he was fully invisible. His landlord and some concerned people came to his room, asking what all the noise had been. They broke down his door, and from his invisible perch on the windowsill he watched them search his room. He decided it was too dangerous to leave his instruments set up, so he set about dismantling them, confounding the onlookers. Then, he decided that the safest bet was simply to set the entire house on fire.

Kemp listens to the story, horrified by both the cat’s fate as well as the arson.

Chapters 16-20 Analysis

Chapter 17 reunites Kemp and Griffin for the first time since medical school. Their conversations focus on the theme of scientific progress. They are contrasting figures: Kemp uses science for the greater good, while Griffin uses his knowledge solely in self-interest. However, both share a disdain for uneducated commoners. On one level, scientific knowledge symbolizes England’s societal division, which arose from the progress of the Industrial Revolution. Kemp and Griffin see science as the future, and regard supernatural belief as obsolete. Kemp derides the villagers’ panic about the Invisible Man: “One might think we were in the thirteenth century” (64).

Part of the social divide results from the villagers’ fear of progress. Kemp believes that anyone capable of turning himself invisible would be a scientific genius, while the villagers ascribe this feat to the devil. In Chapter 19, the two men discuss “optical density! The whole subject is a network of riddles” (82). This dialogue embodies a certain fervor of the cultural consciousness; They stand on the cusp of a new century filled with the promise of scientific discovery.

As they work to understand Griffin’s success with invisibility, they touch on the idea that at this point in history, science and magic are still not far apart. What looks like supernatural influence to the uneducated looks like a scientific discovery to Kemp and Griffin: “To do such a thing would be to transcend magic” (84). Chapters 19 and 20 go into detail about the “complicated processes” (87) of Griffin’s experiment. He mentions the use of strychnine as “a grand tonic” (89), and Kemp calls it “the devil” (89). These chapters show the danger in Griffin’s work, and may explain his subsequent decay. Similarly, his downward spiral portrays the very chaos feared in the late 1800s. Contemporary authors explored the same themes: Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein (1817) and Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde (1885) both portray an overzealous scientist and the societal consequences of his dark, scientific arts.

Like Frankenstein and Jekyll, Griffin is a brilliant, solitary eccentric who is seemingly driven to the brink of insanity by his scientific discoveries. He begins by describing himself as “Griffin, of University College, and I have made myself invisible. I am just an ordinary man—a man you may have known—made invisible” (73). However, he soon makes it clear that his ordinariness ended when his experiments began: “In all my great moments I have been alone” (84). Griffin’s references to achieving greatness in solitude, as well as his later depiction of himself as a “gaunt black figure” with a “strange sense of detachment” (86) present the theme of the individual in relation to society—an oft explored theme in science fiction. For Griffin, he can only achieve greatness by working alone, and his success leads to his psychic estrangement from society, including its moral structures.

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