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63 pages 2 hours read

Tan Twan Eng

The House of Doors

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2023

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Book 2, Chapters 8-11Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Book 2, Chapter 8 Summary: “Lesley”

Penang, 1910

Part I:

In narration addressed to Willie, Lesley recalls the events of April 25, 1910, foreshadowing that she did not know her life would change forever that day. Over a friendly breakfast, Robert informs her that Dr. Sun, whom they do not yet know, will be arriving to stay with them any day. Lesley is stunned by a newspaper story announcing that their friend Ethel Proudlock has been arrested in Kuala Lumpur after killing her attempted rapist. Lesley thinks vaguely back to something Ethel had told her the month prior, which Lesley warned was risky.

Later that afternoon, Lesley encounters Geoff and asks what he has heard of Ethel’s case. Geoff offer background on the dead man, William Steward, which makes him feel real to Lesley. Geoff reveals that Robert is having an affair. Lesley is shocked but immediately resolves not to divorce Robert, as the scandal will embarrass their sons and lead to her social ostracization.

She thinks back to the day she met Robert. She played at a recital during which a cat, much to the mortification of the hostess, licked its “nether parts” for the entirety of the concern; Lesley and Robert were the only attendees who found this funny, leading him to invite her to tea the following day. Having never left Penang, Lesley is impressed with Robert’s world travels. They marry two months later, despite the nearly two-decade age gap between them. Their early marriage is idyllic, though their sexual relationship ceases after the birth of their second son, which Lesley dislikes.

In the narrative present, Lesley attempts to behave normally around Robert. They attend a party, where Lesley grows annoyed with speculation about Ethel, particularly when this turns sympathetic to William Steward; she reminds Robert that Steward attempted to rape Ethel. Robert asserts that they don’t know what really happened. The Hamlyns are introduced to Dr. Arthur Loh and Dr. Sun, the latter of whom Lesley finds handsome, though her mental description of his good looks contains anti-Asian rhetoric. Robert comments on Sun’s daring, noting various Chinese guests staring at him hostilely, but Sun feels safe on British territory. He is giving a talk that evening, and though he is prohibited from lecturing on politics, he will lecture on a novel that aligns with his political goals. Robert invites them to Cassowary House the following day. He privately comments to Lesley that he hopes Dr. Sun doesn’t incite political unrest in Penang.

Part II:

The next day, Sun arrives as Robert returns from work. Lesley spent the day in solitude, going back and forth on whether or not to confront Robert. Dr. Sun describes his education in Honolulu and then Hong Kong, which led to an interest in Christianity. Sun identifies with Christ’s revolutionary politics. He reports his experience being detailed at the Chinese Legation. He escaped with the help of Dr. Cantlie, a mutual friend of the Hamlyns, and memorializes the escape with a gold pocket watch gifted to him by Cantlie. In the 14 years since, Sun reports, he has traveled, raising money for Tong Meng Hui, never returning to China lest he be executed for treason.

Sun articulates his revolutionary views, stating it is time to “take back” China, leading him and Robert to explain the difference between the Manchu-led Qing Dynasty, which ruled China from 1636 to 1912, and the previous Ming Dynasty, led by Hans, the majority ethnic group in China. Sun explains that the order that all Chinese men wear their hair in a queue is “the symbol of [his] people’s enslavement to the Manchus” (119). Dr. Sun frames cutting his queue off as an act of rebellion but is dismissive of Straits Chinese (the Chinese-descended inhabitants of Malay) who have done the same; he believes they are more British than Chinese.

Lesley feels passion for Sun’s cause and is dismayed when she learns he practices polygamy. She asks if Sun’s revolutionary ideals allow women to marry multiple men, but he claims that would be improper. Conscious that her complaints arise from Robert’s infidelity, she laments the burden marriage places on women and says that there is no equality without gender equality. Robert scolds her, and she calms. Dr. Sun departs to fundraise for his cause. Unable to maintain a calm facade in front of her husband, Lesley decides to travel to Kuala Lumpur the following day.

Part III:

Lesley travels to Kuala Lumpur by ferry and train, struck to realize this is the first time she’s stayed in a hotel alone. She visits Ethel, who is temporarily living in the headmaster’s house while her husband serves as interim headmaster of the European school in Kuala Lumpur. Lesley reassures Ethel that her case will soon be resolved. She doesn’t confide in her friend about Robert. Ethel confesses that she had begun and ended an affair with Steward and that, the night of his death, he attacked her when she refused to rekindle their affair. Ethel fears the truth will come out; Lesley doesn’t know how to comfort her friend.

Part IV:

The next morning, Lesley wanders, taking in the sights of Kuala Lumpur before she goes to the Police Court for Ethel’s inquest, which will determine if a formal trial is required. She muses at the similarity between all courtrooms, then realizes she doesn’t know how long it has been since she watched Robert in court, something she used to do frequently.

When the inquest begins, Ethel’s lawyer requests that all the Asian reporters leave the courtroom to avoid embarrassing Ethel, though the prosecutor objects that this countermands English law. The prosecutor relays Steward’s movements on the night of his death, as relayed by a rickshaw driver who witnessed Steward being chased and shot by Ethel. The prosecutor disputes that Ethel shot Steward in self-defense, as the man was shot six times. Lesley is shocked but Ethel seems calm. The prosecutor further asserts that Ethel had invited Steward to her house and that the brief timeline between Steward’s arrival and his death, as well as the discovery of his body fully clothed, including his coat, suggests no assault was attempted. He further states that Ethel’s low-cut dress indicates she was expecting Steward, an assertion Lesley finds offensive. Ethel’s statement to the police does not account for any of these details, as she claims memory loss. At the end of the day, Ethel is arrested and denied bail.

Lesley attends the second day of the inquest. Ethel’s husband, William Proudlock, testifies, offering a version of events in which Ethel is attacked and shoots Steward in self-defense. The coroner testifies that Steward was shot six times, with one shot to the chest causing his death. Lesley is torn between sympathy for Steward and attempting to reassure herself that Ethel will face no serious consequences. Ethel is charged with murder, shocking everyone in the courtroom. She is again denied bail, her trial scheduled for June.

Lesley dines at her hotel the next morning, thinking how it was the site of Steward’s last meal. She struggles to find transportation to Pudoh Gaol, where Edith is being held, as many rickshaw drivers fear ghosts from the cemetery upon which the jail was built. The trip takes her past the cemetery where Steward is buried. Lesley urges Edith to confess to the affair, but Edith refuses, saying that gossip will fade but confirmed fact will not. Edith believes her husband disregards the rumors of her affair, but Lesley is unconvinced. Edith tells Lesley not to visit her in jail again.

Part V:

Though her time in Kuala Lumpur distracted her from her marital troubles, Lesley feels them weighing on her anew when she returns to Penang, though she is happy to see her sons. An idyllic afternoon with her children leads her to recommit to her decision not to divorce Robert. At dinner, Robert presses her for the details of the case, which he treats as an intellectual exercise. Lesley wonders if Ethel’s version of events is entirely true. The conversation turns to neighbors who have gotten electric lights, which inspires jealousy in Lesley. Robert reveals that he has stood in line to get her favorite dessert in honor of her return, and Lesley feels affection for him. Then, he speculates that Ethel wanted to end the affair and killed Steward when he threatened to reveal their affair. Though reluctant to believe her friend a murderer, Lesley asks what will happen if Ethel is found guilty. Robert reveals the punishment is death by hanging.

Book 2, Chapter 9 Summary: “Willie”

Penang, 1921

Willie wakes, considering Lesley’s tale, which was interrupted by Gerald’s return. He thinks there is more to Lesley’s sorrow than Robert’s affair and suspects Lesley had an affair with Sun. He makes notes in his journal, feeling optimistic about this inspiration for his writing. He visits Gerald on the beach and confesses his financial troubles. Gerald, seeming concerned for himself more than Willie, reacts with frustration.

Willie thinks back to the 1913 party where he met his wife, then recently separated from her first husband. They begin an affair, which Willie intends to be short-lived. Syrie falls pregnant; Willie doesn’t learn this until after she loses the pregnancy. Though Syrie is devastated, he is secretly happy. He says he won’t have a child with her while she is still married and prepares to depart for Boulogne, where he will serve as an ambulance driver in World War I. The day before his departure, Syrie reports she is pregnant again, which enrages Willie. He feels as though his service in the war means freedom, though he is horrified by the scope of the carnage he sees. At a makeshift hospital, he meets Gerald, and the two enjoy a quiet moment during a rare pause in bombings. Conversation about their post-war ambitions leads to flirtation, and the two begin their affair.

In the narrative present, Willie awaits Geoff’s arrival for their interview. He worries that Gerald will leave him now that he isn’t rich. Geoff arrives and asks questions Willie finds typical. He promotes his new book, On a Chinese Fan, using a comparison between English slums and Chinese villages. He credits his ability to get people to open up to him with his willingness to share his own secrets. They discuss Dr. Sun, and Geoff brags about his exclusive interview with the revolutionary. Willie hints at an affair between Lesley and Sun, but Geoff evades his probing comments.

Later, Willie inspects the photographs in A Man of the Southern Seas, Geoff’s book on Sun. He compares the overlaps in his own travels with Sun’s, though he considers how, at the time of Sun’s detainment in London, he and his friends were more concerned with the Oscar Wilde trials than with Chinese politics.

Book 2, Chapter 10 Summary: “Lesley”

Penang, 1921

Lesley joins Willie in the sitting room, prepared to continue to her tale. Though she spent the day questioning her decision to tell Willie, feeling she is betraying Robert and Ethel, she feels unburdened by the telling.

Book 2, Chapter 11 Summary: “Lesley”

Penang, 1910

Part I:

Sun becomes a regular visitor to the Hamlyns, which Lesley enjoys, though Robert and Sun’s conversations about Chinese politics leave her lost. Robert comments that the “reading club” and “philomatic society” that Sun often visits are really just fronts for Sun’s political party. Geoff learns of Sun and the Hamlyns’ friendship and requests an interview. Privately, Geoff commends her choice not to confront Robert about his affair, which Lesley has started to doubt, given the absence of gossip in their insular community, and reports no further news regarding Ethel’s case. Lesley frets over her friend, but Geoff reminds her that Ethel is in the “European women’s wing,” where cooking and leisure activities are encouraged (158).

Sun is disappointed at his lackluster fundraising, and Geoff’s interview is critical. Dr. Sun insists that he cannot give up his efforts to displace the Manchu government. He reasserts his dismissiveness of Straits Chinese, whom he sees as lacking loyalty to China. Geoff agrees to let Sun see the article before it runs and include any counterarguments Sun may have to Geoff’s comments. When Sun leaves to attend his reading club, Geoff and Lesley join him, though Geoff says it is not “proper” for Lesley to attend.

As they travel through Penang, Geoff and Lesley recall their childhood nanny, Ah Peng, who is now nanny to Lesley’s children, praying at a temple for lucky lottery numbers. They arrive at 120 Armenian Street, where Dr. Sun knocks, then waits to be identified through a spyhole. Inside, the group consists of men and women in both Chinese-influenced and European-style clothing. Sun gives an impassioned speech, which entrances both Geoff and Lesley. At home, Lesley journals about her experience and her newfound conviction that Sun will change the world. She attempts to read a Somerset Maugham novel, though she dislikes its focus on adultery. Robert returns home and chides her for her recklessness at attending Sun’s club, despite Lesley’s assertions she felt safe.

Part II:

The next morning, Lesley reads about Chinese history and philosophy from unification under the Chi’in dynasty to the 1839 Opium Wars, which she considers “utterly outrageous.” She reads about the Taiping Rebellion, pleased to discover its emphasis on gender equality. Discussing Chinese politics reinvigorates Lesley and Robert’s marriage, though they disagree on supporting Sun, as Lesley believes in his cause, but Robert cautions that involvement could be dangerous. She offers to check English translations of Sun’s pamphlets. Robert forbids Lesley to go to Tong Meng Hui headquarters, hinting at a racist dislike of his wife being seen with a Chinese man. After Sun departs, Lesley insists Robert apologize, and Robert counters that Lesley is attracted to Sun. Fed up, she asks about his affair, which he denies.

Part III:

Lesley travels to the Tong Meng Hui headquarters to retrieve the translated pamphlets, ultimately doing the work onsite. The work proves complicated, and when she breaks for tea with Arthur Loh, he asks why she cares about China. She returns the question, pointing out that Arthur is Straits Chinese and English-speaking. Arthur reveals his grandmother was a Taiping rebel, though she grew disillusioned with the cause, and is shocked at Lesley’s knowledge of the rebellion. Arthur cites his interest in China’s politics as arising after he visited China, inspired by his grandmother’s stories, and was shocked by the poverty and corruption he witnessed. Lesley confesses her interest arose from hearing Sun speak, which Arthur understands. He inspects Lesley’s editorial work and asks her to return the following week.

Part IV:

Lesley begins visiting Armenian Street weekly, which she doesn’t discuss with Robert. He begins returning home earlier in the evenings, but Lesley still searches for signs of infidelity, finding none. She dislikes Arthur’s interest in Ethel’s case, which he feels certain will never lead to Ethel, a white woman, being hanged. Arthur invites her to his house to see his “new doors,” which he collects from buildings being torn down. They are intricately painted and carved. Lesley worries at the impropriety of being alone in another man’s house, particularly a Chinese man, and realizes Arthur is uncomfortable with being seen with a white woman in his house. Even so, she explores the many intricate doors that line the walls and hang from the ceilings in Arthur’s house. He highlights his favorite, an 18th-century painting from a torn-down temple, which depicts “the Gods of the Doors,” based on two T’ang dynasty generals who stood vigil to protect their emperor from demons and spirits. His new acquisition depicts poetry composed by a Japanese samurai, moments before dying by suicide. Lesley is struck by the wonder of a man’s dying words enduring across centuries. She asks why Arthur’s own front doors are plain, which surprises him; he never thought to decorate his own doors. They agree that they like the idea of plain doors concealing the collection inside.

Part V:

Arthur invites Lesley to a fundraising party for Dr. Sun, but Lesley demurs, citing Robert’s disapproval. When Arthur asks, Lesley insists all is well with her husband. Sun arrives with a woman, Chui Fen, his partner of 20 years, though they are not legally married. Sun’s legal first wife will arrive in a few days. Arthur cautions Lesley against judgment. She asks if Arthur’s marriage is arranged, and he says it was, discussing it matter-of-factly. He counters Lesley’s questions about romantic love by turning them back on her, asking if she loves Robert. Lesley doesn’t answer, instead asking if Dr. Sun has a third wife. Arthur says he does, and it is the one he loves the most: China itself.

Part VI:

A monsoon approaches Penang. Ah Peng gives Lesley papers that another servant found in Robert’s pockets, which includes a love note from Robert’s assistant, Peter Ong, with whom he is in Kuala Lumpur for a week of trial. Lesley feels self-recrimination for Robert’s affair, which is compounded by anti-gay bias. She resolves to keep the affair a secret. She asks Ah Peng if she regrets marrying, but Ah Peng derides regret as useless. Lesley recalls going with Ah Peng to the Penang letter-writer, who read and wrote letters to Ah Peng’s family in China. Lesley asks if Ah Peng wishes to return to her home village, but the woman says her family has died. 

Book 2, Chapters 8-11 Analysis

The interplay of memory, history, and storytelling becomes more complex as Book 2 introduces a third timeline, highlighting the theme of Intertwining Memory, History, and Storytelling, focalized from Lesley’s perspective. Lesley’s history of her affair and her time working with revolutionary Sun Yat Sen in 1910 overlaps with the trial of her friend Ethel Proudlock, who is tried for murder after shooting William Steward in an alleged rape attempt. As Tan notes in the Acknowledgements section, the Proudlock trial actually took place in 1911 rather than 1910; he altered the timeline to adhere to the year that Sun Yat Sen was in Penang. This apparently simple historical shift carries multiple resonances. For one, it further muddies the already-murky connection between fact and fiction in Tan’s novel; the Proudlock case happened, and, in an interview, Tan reports the difficulty of tracking down transcripts in the pursuit of historical accuracy in his novel (Ermelino, Louisa. “Enter Tan Twan Eng’s New Novel, ‘The House of Doors.’Publishers Weekly, 21 July 2023). Yet the admission of one change from historical fact for the sake of fictional convenience implies the possibility of other changes. With those changes unreferenced, the novel presents the question of what is factual and what is fictional—and whether this difference matters in the overall arc of the story Tan presents.

Additionally, shifting the Proudlock timeline to adhere to the Sun timeline, as opposed to the opposite, exhibits the anti-colonialist ethos of the novel, even as it inhabits the mentality of colonizer narratives, thus capturing the theme of Gender, Race, and Equality in a Colonial Mindset. Tan illustrates the limitations of colonial mentality not through what his narrators learn but what they continually fail to see. Lesley, the sole narrator for the 1910 timeline, continually fails to note the overall significance of the Proudlock trial, thinking only of the personal impact on her friend rather than the larger political implications of a white woman on trial for murder in colonial Kuala Lumpur. Lesley continually looks to Ethel’s clothes and appearance, commending her friend when she looks well put-together and experiencing dismay when the stress of the trial begins to wear physically on Ethel. For Lesley, a white woman, the deference shown to Ethel, another white woman, is a normal, natural state of affairs. By including these events that show the perversity of colonial logic within the narration of a character who does not find them to be perverse, Tan casts continual doubt on his narrators and, therefore, on the entirety of the system they inhabit and espouse. Even when Lesley does learn that there is much colonial violence that has been invisible to her, such as when she learns about the Manchu rule in China, the text does not present this learning as a sign of overall increase in knowledge as much as it highlights the depth of ignorance of European colonizers to any suffering beyond their own. Moreover, as Lesley’s interest in colonial violence grows, it is deeply tied to her interest in Dr. Sun and Arthur, thus calling her motives into question. Just as her interest in Ethel’s case is largely based on personal feelings, so too is her newfound fascination with Chinese politics.

This section builds on the emphasis on storytelling in The House of Doors via its switch between genres in the 1910 timeline. While much of The House of Doors embodies the conventions of literary fiction, such as during its musings about the role of art and the artists, it regularly delves into other generic forms. In Book 2, the Proudlock case is presented in the form of the courtroom drama, in which the testimony of various witnesses and the arguments made by prosecutors and defendants occupy the bulk of the narrative attention. Though Lesley remains the narrator in these sections, she fades into the background as the dialogue of the courtroom takes precedence. This shift between genres, in effect, creates an atmosphere that emphasizes the constructedness of the tale Lesley relays. This is not history, the book suggests; this is a story told about history by a character who has her own preoccupations and concerns, thus casting her as an unreliable narrator and further complicating the text.

Indeed, this section of the novel presents Lesley as someone who could be a storyteller at the level of Willie but who regularly falls short of this goal—often because her work is overshadowed by the men she works alongside, which again signals to the theme of Gender, Race, and Equality in a Colonial Mindset, as Lesley is both othered by and preoccupied with gender within an elite circle. In Chapter 9, Geoff, Lesley’s brother, reveals that Lesley came up with the title for his book A Man of the Southern Seas, which Willie compliments as evocative. She works as a translator for the Tong Meng Hui in the 1910 timeline, an intentionally invisible role in the writing process. Additionally, the bulk of the section consists of the story she tells Willie—a story, it is understood, that he will transform into his own literary material. This persistent placement of Lesley as a helper in the literary and political ambitions of the men around her (and Lesley is, almost to exclusivity, surrounded by men) suggests that though her understanding of equality exhibits considerable disregard for racial justice, she is not entirely wrong in her characterization of the ways in which heterosexual marriage treats women unjustly. As such, though she exists in a world of privilege, as a woman, she is not necessarily at the top of the hierarchy within her societal circle. This further presents a sliding scale of privilege, as Ethel, for example, is assured to be treated better because she is held in a section of jail intended only for white European women. This theme calls to question the treatment of those who are not white and not of the colonial mindset. Indeed, while the men around Lesley absorb and overshadow her, all of the white Europeans can be said to similarly commodify the Asians that they live adjacent to but are not fully connected with. 

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