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71 pages 2 hours read

Elizabeth Kostova

The Historian

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2005

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Character Analysis

The Narrator

The narrator of The Historian is an unusual protagonist, in that she is both unnamed and often sidelined from the central action. The events mostly take place in the past—thus, the novel is not only about Historians and the Search for Truth but is itself a quasi-historical document—which the narrator reads in a series of letters. She is central to the plot and to the main themes of The Perils of Inheritance and Historians and the Search for Truth. As the titular “historian,” it is the narrator’s task to put pen to paper, organizing and recording all the events. The purpose of this role, however, is to remain as objective as possible, as well as impersonal. In assuming the duties of the titular character, she herself is often elided.

The narrator is a teenager for much of the book, traveling with her father throughout Europe as she listens to his story. While she describes herself as obedient, she reveals a streak of burgeoning independence and then outright disobedience as the novel develops. At first, she just “decide[s] to do a little exploring by myself” as they travel (38). Later, she researches Dracula on her own and fibs about her time in the library. Finally, she decides to follow her father, against his express wishes, on his journey to France. In all of this, she reveals several intrinsic qualities: She is resourceful and intelligent; she is precocious and studious; above all, she possesses the instincts of a natural historian. She also lets slip her active imagination. When she first begins researching Vlad Ţepeş, she cannot relinquish her newfound knowledge that history is real, and brutal. She, like her father, sees, hears, and smells the defeated 15th-century warriors after battle.

In some ways, The Historian is a coming-of-age novel, as the narrator learns about her place in history and her unique family story. During the course of the novel, she starts her period—“alarmingly belated” (41)—and experiences her “first faint quaver of sexual belonging” (165). The narrator’s sexual awakening speak to her transition from childhood to adulthood.

The narrator is left without a proper name for the entire book. At one point, the reader learns that she is named for Helen’s mother, another indication that she represents continuity, as the historian, rather than a particular individual. Even from the very beginning of the book she erases herself when she bestows her story to the reader.

Paul

The narrator’s father, Paul, lives an increasingly harried itinerant existence, running from the fears and sorrows of his past. While he tells his story, he whisks his daughter across Europe, moving quickly and anxiously from place to place, outpacing the shadows that inevitably fall upon him. He is overly protective of his daughter, though he recognizes her intelligence and resilience. Thus, he entrusts her with the writing of his story.

Paul is not only a well-respected historian but also an ambassador of sorts. He “founded the Center for Peace and Democracy” (3) and works tirelessly to negotiate amity between ideologically divided factions. His work travels reveal his commitment to the ideals expressed in the name of his foundation. In the “Epilogue,” the reader learns that he is killed in Sarajevo via a land mine. Primarily, though, Paul is understood through his youthful search for his mentor, Professor Rossi, which coincides with his fascination with Dracula and infatuation with Helen.

When Paul first gleans the terrible truths behind Rossi’s disappearance, he feels flattered that he is the one chosen to find him: “His disappearance, and—I thought wildly—his very need of me, had suddenly made us almost equals” (54). As a mentee, he is eager to win the approval of his mentor, to earn his reputation alongside him. Later, he literally stands in for Rossi when Helen’s mother offers him Rossi’s ring: “I bent and kissed her again, but this time on the mouth” (389). He becomes, briefly, the Rossi who once fell in love with Helen’s mother. He, in turn, falls deeply in love with Rossi’s daughter, marrying her and taking care of the narrator after her disappearance. Indeed, Paul’s noblest act comes in ending the fruitless search for his beloved Helen to nurture his infant daughter. He keeps her safe in a world where her undead ancestor still roams.

Helen Rossi

As a romantic interest, Helen is initially harsh with Paul; he finds her mannerisms and manner of dress masculine. He eventually acknowledges her beauty, but it is dark and brooding. Once he has confirmation that she is indeed a descendant of Dracula, he can always discern his strong, cruel features in her face. Yet, the mark of that familial connection, her dragon tattoo, fascinates him: “In time it became for me part of the geography of your smooth back, but at that first moment it fueled the awe of my desire” (435). This is notable both for its ardor and for the fact that his passion is inextricably linked to the vampiric parts of her. Dracula’s mesmerizing qualities have been passed down through the generations.

Helen is highly intelligent and resourceful, like her daughter. Her presence, in her physical absence, becomes mythological to the narrator: “It was a name I had always liked,” the narrator notes after her father introduces Helen Rossi within his story; “it evoked for me something valiant and beautiful, like the Pre-Raphaelite frontispiece showing Helen of Troy in my Children’s Book of the Iliad” (125). Helen is beautiful, even magical, but relegated to the distant past. Later, Helen takes on even more legendary overtones as her relation to Dracula is confirmed. In fact, her connection to him is stronger even than her own mother’s: She is bitten, twice, by one of his acolytes, and that corruption becomes the defining feature of her life. She feels herself too polluted to raise her infant daughter, and she dedicates herself to the eradication of the fiend who ruptured her family. Her obsession takes her to the brink of death, then on a 16-plus year hunt for the monster.

Only her postcards reveal a more loving, maternal version of Helen. In them, she tells her daughter how much she loves her, how much she misses her, and how much she wishes to speak to her—another act complicated by Dracula’s shadow: “Romanian is the language of the fiend I am seeking, but even that has not spoiled it for me” (539). She still wishes to speak this language, the tongue of “brave, kind, sad people” (539) to her daughter, linking her to the history of her homeland.

Dr. Bartholomew Rossi

Rossi is the other significant narrator in the novel, after the narrator herself and the narrator’s father. He is Paul’s mentor, a professor of history from Oxford teaching in America, whose disappearance sparks the plot. Paul must find him, and his letters lead to clues that will lead to Dracula and his tomb. Rossi’s final letters reveal Dracula in the flesh, listening at length to the vampire’s own views on history and aspirations for the future. Rossi records these words for posterity.

Rossi is presented as the quintessential historian. His reputation is beyond reproach; it must be, if Paul is to believe that the legend of Dracula is historical truth. Rossi is, above all, a reliable source: “Rossi was a solid structure,” Paul notes, “as cool and sane as anyone I’d ever met” (50). Not only is he trustworthy, but he also upholds the historian’s code, at least according to Paul: he lets the evidence speak for itself, carefully collecting and collating documents and information.

It is Rossi’s careful scholarship that lands him in trouble. After setting aside his research for many years, Rossi returns to it, working on an article entitled “The Ghost in the Amphora.” This historical research alerts Dracula to his presence and prompts him to kidnap the historian. Rossi becomes conflated with his captor; when Paul and Helen find him, he is entombed in Dracula’s abandoned burial chamber, bearing the sallow skin and blood-red lips of the vampire himself. And yet, Rossi is also granted, in his sacrifice, the appearance of a saint. As Dracula tells him, before he deserts him, “Perhaps we will disguise you as a holy relic” (620). Rossi dies a martyr to history.

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By Elizabeth Kostova