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45 pages 1 hour read

Gabriel García Márquez

The General in His Labyrinth

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1989

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Chapters 5-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 5 Summary

When the party arrives in Turbaco, the General is exhausted, and he struggles to hide his "insatiable decline" (134) while refusing medical assistance. As he recuperates, he is told that he has "no more than a quarter of his travel funds left" (136). He writes to friends and associates so that they can guarantee loans to fund his passage to Europe, assuring them that a long-running case concerning a mine in Venezuela will be settled "very soon" (137), and he will be awarded more than enough to cover his expenses. His sickness becomes worse while he waits for responses, to the point that he noticeably loses weight. Three friends—Juan Garda del Rio, Juan de Francisco Martin, and Juan de Dios Amador—visit him and try to buoy his mood. They discuss the "state of the nation" (139); Santander's return seems imminent, and the breakup of Gran Colombia seems inevitable. The three friends still believe that the General is the right man to lead the country. The General curses the insurrections, which seem never ending, even cursing "the one we made against the Spanish" (142). This admission makes his friends realize that he will not live long.

The next day, General Francisco Carmona visits him . To Carmona's surprise, the General convinces him to "to respect without conditions the authority of the new government" (144). The General and his entourage spend 29 days in Turbaco, during which time he recovers some of his vitality. However, he will not relinquish his interest in politics, even amid talks of a bloody "civil war" (147). Eventually, news arrives that Joaquín Mosquera is the new president, but that it is disputed. The General resolves to stay in South American until the issue is resolved, or at least until his passport arrives.

When his old friend Daniel Florencio O'Leary visits, the General wants to know "what are people saying" (149). O'Leary says that people do not believe that the General is leaving because Manuela is staying behind, even though she always stayed behind when he left. O'Leary has always been Manuela's "best aide-de-camp in these battles of the heart" (151). O'Leary's visit coincides with the General remembering his past loves as well as the resolution of the constitutional crisis. The General resolves to "confront his health with moral fortitude" (155) and becomes stronger than before.

During this time, The General meets a Frenchwoman named Camille and takes her to a "horrifying" (158) cockfight. Later, he describes her to José as "abominable" (159). He becomes concerned with "the fate of his officers" (161) and spends more time with them, talking and playing cards. He begins to suspect that Carreno is "in touch with the Venezuelan separatists" (164) and investigates this possible betrayal. After being confronted, Carreno admits that the General's exile has prompted him to search for a new cause. The General criticizes him for chasing such a "hopeless" (165) ambition.

Chapter 6 Summary

The General receives news that the new Congress has confirmed his pension for life, and he receives his passport; He can now leave the country. The journey to Cartagena resumes, and the General stops along the way to ask every person he meets about "everything" (168). He dispatches Carreno to find the location of Sucre. The arrival in Cartagena is muted and forced, clashing with the General's memories of when the city was swept up in revolutionary zeal. After years of war, the city is a "shadow of what it once had been" (170). Meeting with the city governor, he arranges to pardon Miranda's husband as the governor's opponents protest in the streets. As he sinks into a somber, reflective mood, his friend General Montilla brings him news that Urdaneta is "preparing a coup" (174). Sucre is against the coup, so the General recommends that Sucre should take responsibility.

The General prepares to set sail, but amid the festivities to mark his departure, he decides to stay. To that end, Montilla finds the General a more permanent place of residence which better suits his health. The General sits for a portrait by the Italian painter Antonio Meucci; He likes the portrait but believes that Meucci has depicted him "with too much compassion" (180). When speaking to a young girl, he asks how people in Cartagena think of him. She responds that people say he is well "but pretends to be sick so people will feel sorry for [him]" (181). He encourages her to examine his "ravaged body" (182) as proof of his illness. Later, they lie together and listen to music. Later, the General requests Iturbide to sing old songs, revealing that he is "in a bad humor" (183). He reflects on his exile and the time he has spent away from his home country of Venezuela.

News arrives that several factions in the military have disavowed Urdaneta's coup and seek to return the General to power, but the General believes that this news "comes too late" (185), as he is too sick to do anything. Later, he receives news that Sucre has "been ambushed and assassinated" (186).

The General is anguished. That night, he vomits blood, and José covers up his sickness. Fearing that he is declining, the General cuts his hair, his moustache, and his sideburns. He goes into mourning and shares the despair of his "festering heart" (188) with his officers. He warns them about the United States, a country that will always "accuse [them] of turning the continent into a league of popular states" (188). The subject of corruption abhors him, as he spent so much of his presidency trying to eradicate it. While the political situation worsens, the General's staff tries to hide the worst of it from him. This includes the news that many men in his garrison "were sowing the fiery seed of an immortal gonorrhea" (191), and the sexually transmitted disease is spreading quickly through the town.

In Bogotá, Manuela launches her own "war for the return of the General" (192); Through a series of public provocations, she enrages the local government. Though she is accused of "promoting an armed rebellion to reestablish the absolute power of the General" (193), his health has declined to the point that he cuts himself shaving and needs medical help. The country is divided as to whether the General should return and whether Gran Colombia should remain united. The General is surprised that he is "still alive" (195) when he reaches his 47th birthday, and the anniversary gives him strength. Some members of his entourage depart for Venezuela to fight for their country as the breakup of Gran Colombia gathers intensifies. For all the sadness, the General hopes that "a new war would make the laurels of long ago green again" (197).

Chapters 5-6 Analysis

Despite his faltering health, the General maintains a staunch distrust of doctors. He refuses professional medical help throughout the novel and instead prefers to rely on an old book of herbal remedies, which he has used for many years. This distrust of the medical establishment speaks to his relationship with power. The General grew up under the rule of the same colonial powers that he eventually overthrew. The result of his experience under colonial rule is that he has developed a deep suspicion of authority, and he sees the medical establishment as the same immovable structure against which he has rebelled for most of his life. As an alternative, he uses traditional remedies that reveal his fascination with nostalgia. He favors these treatments not because they work, but because their deep cultural roots provide comfort in an ever-changing, increasingly complicated world.

The further the General travels from Bogotá, the more he is forced to reckon with harsh public opinion. His continued insistence on presenting himself as a strong, healthy figure creates an atmosphere of distrust around his departure from office. Seeing him walking around, greeting people, and attending banquets, the locals refuse to believe that the General is sick. They do not know that he is forcing himself to socialize, so the rumors persists that he is feigning sickness as part of an elaborate attempt to regain power. As the novel progresses, this atmosphere of uncertainty feeds into the General's mindset. He has long promised that he will leave for Europe after putting his business and personal affairs in order. Once these issues are resolved, however, he stays in the city. His declining health is no longer a reason for his departure; it has become a reason for him to stay. The paradox of his situation is that he is both too sick to stay and too sick to travel. While his physical condition is an impediment, there is a deeper psychosocial issue at play: the General cannot bring himself to leave behind the country he loves and the vision of himself that resides there. The closer he gets to departure, the more he resists. Rather than signifying a grand conspiracy to regain power, the General's continued presence in Gran Colombia represents his inability to let go of the past.

General Urdaneta interprets the General’s continued presence in Gran Colombia as a possibility that he may be able to orchestrate a successful coup. This coup is completely out of the General's control, and the uncertain nature of current events makes it clear that it is too late to for him to regain power. He is lying to himself, refusing to abandon the dream of a unified republic that motivated his entire adult life. The General's continued presence in South America is not just an inability to say goodbye, but a struggle to come to terms with the reality that everything he built is now falling apart.

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