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56 pages 1 hour read

Leslie Jamison

The Empathy Exams

Nonfiction | Essay Collection | Adult | Published in 2014

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Essay 3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Essay 3 Summary: “La Frontera”

Jamison crosses the US-Mexico border on her way to a literary gathering in 2010. She speculates that the vague term applied to the gathering hints at debauchery as well as professionalism. The gathering will take place in Tijuana and Mexicali, and she reflects on how in past years these places have had a reputation for being violent and dangerous. Jamison notes how someone told her “about living in Tijuana during the worst months—not so much about living under the constant threat of violence, but about talking about living under constant threat of violence,” drawing a distinction between living during traumatic times and having the time to process what is going on around you (58).

Jamison describes the Avenida Revolución in Tijuana, where most bars have been abandoned because there are no longer tourists visiting. On the street itself, men and women try to make a living selling curio items designed for tourists, but no one is there to make any purchases. Although the hotels and bars are empty, Jamison does not understand or feel the fear other people have talked about.

The next morning, she meets Paola and Adán, who are joining her in route to Mexicali, where the rest of the literary meeting will take place. Adán tells Jamison a little about the city in Spanish before they leave Tijuana. Once they have departed, Jamison feels strange about the city, wanting to talk about it and put it in context she can internalize.

Jamison describes the drive from Tijuana to Mexicali, which travels through low-income areas. They reach a highway and pass by a truck crash, where a man is bleeding and a priest stands over him to block the sunlight. They then drive by a gun-carrying soldier, who seems to be guarding a pile of old tires, and Jamison reflects on how the Mexican soldiers seem constantly ready for an ever-present abstract violence. At a drug check point, the group is treated with suspicion and the vehicle is searched. They reach Mexicali and the difference between this city and Tijuana is palpable from the lack of souvenirs to the harshness of the light. She meets the 50 other people involved in the literary meeting and describes the experience of Marco in particular, who tells her about one morning when he was woken by grenade explosions and gunfire. Jamison struggles to connect with members of the group not only because of her poor Spanish skills, but also because of her lack of political knowledge regarding Mexico, and she does not want to shame herself by getting anything incorrect.

Jamison describes the education she receives as she has conversations with the other literary minds. The local writers talk to her about drug trafficking, murderers, cartel leaders, and geography. She notes Marco’s work with Flarf, a type of poetry that pulls its contents from different online sources. Marco’s recent work was featured in Los Angeles and was made up of blog posts from those living in Comales, a barrio reduced to bunkers in the face of violence and drug wars. Marco emphasizes that it is a piece of a conversation.

On the other side of a fence, the United States is visible in the form of the town Calexico, but it takes more than an hour to cross through the border even in the early hours of the morning. Jamison reflects on how different Mexicans have different experiences with the border. For example, Marco passes through frequently and easily, but others do not have the funds to even schedule a visa interview. As Jamison, Marco, and a Peruvian novelist attempt to cross the border, they are cross-examined by a distrustful border patrol agent whose gruffness causes Jamison to doubt herself. Marco tells her about other border crossers who continue to fail at receiving visas because they do not know how to navigate the complexities associated with the US government. The three pass by a board that advertises the number of arrests and amount of drugs that have been seized at the border, causing Jamison to reflect on its meaningless but poetic nature.

Essay 3 Analysis

In “La Frontera” Jamison explores empathy based on fear rather than of pain or medical diagnosis. La Frontera translates to the Border, a denotation of both the physical and emotional distance present in this essay. Jamison crosses from the United States into Mexico with the intent of joining a writers’ retreat and in doing so becomes somewhat of a dark tourist. She is fascinated by the things she sees and the examples of promised violence she encounters, but her engagement is always within the context that this place is not her home. She has a United States passport that guarantees her the right to leave the gunfire, grenades, and drug cartels behind. This, in many ways, allows her to distance herself emotionally from what she experiences. She notes early on in her visit that “I think maybe if I walk the streets where someone was afraid, where an entire city was afraid, maybe I’ll understand the fear a little better” (59). Her own ability to leave stands in the way of her experience of empathy.

Jamison is explicit about the education she receives while in Mexicali, stating, “So I listen. I gradually get a sense of the terrain” (63). She shares her education with the reader, interspersing information about the local political climate with the writers she engages with. In doing so, she puts names and faces to the previously nameless and faceless victims of the violence she describes. It is with these introductions that she draws comparisons to her own experience, noting the ways in which her life is similar and dissimilar to the people she meets. When she, Marco, and another writer pass back to the United States, Jamison is treated for the first time as other in this essay. She is met with suspicion, and in this suspicion she can add another layer of empathy to what she has experienced while border crossing. It becomes poignant at the end of the essay, where the last paragraphs are devoted to examining the system in which the people function and allowing Marco a description of another one of his works. By stepping back out of the narrative, Jamison allows Marco to step forward. This shift in focus provides an outlet not previously present, embodying allyship. In this, the reader understands that sometimes one person’s silence is essential to empathy because it allows another person to speak.

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