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129 pages 4 hours read

Alexandre Dumas

The Count of Monte Cristo

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1844

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Chapters 1-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

The novel opens with the return of the Pharaon, a merchant ship, to the port of Marseilles, where its owner, M. Morrel, awaits it. The ship is under the command of 19-year-old first mate Edmond Dantès, as the captain, Leclere, has died en route and been buried at sea. M. Morrel hints that Edmond may have earned a promotion, while the ship’s purser, Danglars, expresses resentment at the speed with which Edmond took charge.

Before his death, Leclere asked Edmond to deliver a package to the island of Elba, where Napoleon Bonaparte is living in exile. As the reader will learn, Edmond’s visit to Elba occurs shortly before Napoleon’s return to France, placing the action in the spring of 1815. At the moment, France is ruled by Louis XVIII, brother of the executed Louis XVI, who took the throne after Napoleon’s forced abdication.

Edmond has carried out the late captain’s mission, to Morrel’s approval. Morrel asks Edmond to have dinner with him, but Edmond says he must go see his elderly father and his fiancée, Mercédès. He also asks Morrel for two weeks’ leave, so he can be married and make a journey to Paris. Danglars reveals that Edmond delivered a letter to Napoleon’s marshal on Elba as well as the package, and received a letter in return, which he concealed from Morrel.

Morrel grants Edmond leave and confirms his hope to make Edmond captain of the Pharaon. He asks Edmond what he thinks of Danglars, and Edmond admits that, while Danglars is good at his job, he seems to dislike Edmond intensely. Edmond even suggested that they stop at the island of Monte Cristo, an uninhabited islet between Elba and Corsica, and settle their differences with a fight. Edmond leaves the ship while Danglars watches him with an expression of hatred.

Chapter 2 Summary

Edmond goes to see his father, who is ill and going hungry. His father reveals that he had to use most of the money Edmond left him to pay back a debt to their neighbor, Caderousse, who threatened to go to Morrel if the debt was not repaid. Caderousse arrives, and Edmond treats him coldly. Caderousse mentions that Danglars has already told him about Edmond’s impending promotion. Edmond leaves to visit Mercédès.

Caderousse meets Danglars again outside the Dantès’ house and confirms that Edmond is confident of becoming captain and that the promotion is turning him vain. He also mentions that Edmond now has a rival for Mercédès’s affections. The two go off to buy wine at a tavern, from which they can watch Edmond’s reunion with Mercédès.

Chapter 3 Summary

Edmond goes to see Mercédès, whose family is part of a small community whose residents descend from settlers who arrived from Catalonia. Fernand Mondego, Mercédès’s cousin, is visiting her and asking yet again if she will marry him. Mercédès insists she will never marry anyone but Edmond. When Edmond arrives, they embrace passionately. Edmond notices Fernand watching him with hostility, and correctly guesses the cause. He greets Fernand, who refuses to take Edmond’s hand until Mercédès orders him.

Fernand then bolts out of the house and runs into Danglars and Caderousse, seated in front of a nearby tavern. They invite Fernand to join them and mock him about his inability to win Mercédès over or avenge himself against Edmond. Danglars thinks to himself that Edmond’s good luck will continue unless Danglars himself acts against Edmond. When the happy couple stops to speak with them, Danglars correctly guesses that Edmond’s mysterious errand in Paris involves the letter from Elba and starts plotting how he can use this to engineer Edmond’s downfall.

Chapter 4 Summary

Edmond and Mercédès prepare to be married at the tavern, surrounded by friends, family, and well-wishers, including M. Morrel. Danglars, Caderousse, and Fernand are also present. The wedding party is stopped when a police commissary and a group of soldiers come to arrest Edmond. They refuse to give a reason for the arrest, explaining that Edmond will learn the reason when he is questioned. Edmond’s father pleads with the arresting officer to have pity on Edmond, as it’s his wedding day. The officer does not give in to his pleas but assures Edmond’s father that the arrest likely involves a small customs matter that can be settled quickly. Edmond bids farewell to his friends and allows himself to be taken to prison.

Chapter 5 Summary

Another wedding is being celebrated on the same day in an aristocratic quarter of Marseilles, between Villefort, a deputy public prosecutor, and the daughter of the Marquis de Saint-Méran, a wealthy and a staunch supporter of Louis XVIII. Conversation between Villefort and his future father-in-law reveals that Villefort is the son of a Bonaparte ally named Noirtier. Though Villefort has distanced himself from his father and changed his name, his new in-laws and their Royalist friends still worry about his political leanings. The Marquis explains that Villefort will need to prove his loyalty through zealous prosecution of the king’s opponents.

A messenger interrupts the wedding party and tells Villefort that a suspected Bonapartist has just been arrested based on accusations in an anonymous letter. The letter accuses Edmond of carrying a letter from Napoleon to his supporters in Paris.

Villefort questions Edmond about the letter he is to deliver to Paris. Edmond tells the story of Captain Leclere’s illness and his deathbed instructions to Edmond to stop at Elba and carry out any orders given him there. Villefort, who feels sympathy toward Edmond as a fellow bridegroom, tells Edmond that as he was merely carrying out his dying captain’s orders, he is not guilty of anything.

Edmond is about to walk free when Villefort asks to whom in Paris the letter was addressed. Edmond tells him it was addressed to a M. Noirtier. Villefort panics, realizing the letter’s intended recipient is his own father. He tells Edmond he must keep him in custody and then burns the letter, telling Edmond the only way to save himself is to deny the letter ever existed. Villefort returns to his wedding, while Edmond remains a prisoner.

Chapter 6 Summary

Edmond finds himself in a jail cell at Villefort’s order, but still believes that the deputy prosecutor is working to free him. After nightfall, a police escort arrives and takes him away from Marseilles in a boat. Edmond realizes he is being taken to the Chateau d’If, an island fortress used to imprison the most important and feared political prisoners. When he tries to escape, a policeman puts a gun to his head. They place Edmond in a cell with only bread and water, and straw on the floor for a bed.

The next day, Edmond demands to see the governor. Edmond’s jailer warns him that if he continues to brood, he will begin to act erratically, like a certain priest who was sent to the dungeons after repeatedly offering the governor one million francs in exchange for his release. Edmond pleads with the jailer to deliver a message to Mercédès, first offering money, then threatening to beat him with a stool. He agrees to speak to the governor after Edmond threatens him with the stool, but quickly returns with more guards and the governor’s order to place Edmond in the dungeon. Edmond apathetically allows himself to be taken to the dungeon.

Chapters 1-6 Analysis

The first six chapters introduce Edmond and reveal how his strength and ability have brought him love and success at a young age, but also earned him enemies. Dumas casts a cynical light on human nature, suggesting that happiness and luck inevitably arouse jealousy in others and that no one is safe from the effects of that jealousy.

Dumas also suggests that real happiness is rare and difficult to obtain. Even before his downfall, Edmond compares happiness to “those palaces in fairy tales whose gates are guarded by dragons: we must fight in order to conquer it” (18). The swiftness and completeness with which Edmond loses everything reinforce this view. By the end of the first six chapters, he is a nameless prisoner whose words are taken as irrational rantings. His imprisonment in the dungeon of the Chateau d’If is a symbolic death.

These chapters establish a close link between the action of the novel and the volatile nature of 19th-century French politics, involving Edmond in a plot to restore Napoleon to his position as Emperor of France. Leclere is an active Bonapartist, and M. Morrel is at least sympathetic to the Bonapartist cause. Villefort, on the other hand, is under pressure from both his government employers and his Royalist in-laws to prove his loyalty to the regime of Louis XVIII. Villefort’s desperate need to hide his own father’s role in the Bonapartist plot leads him to destroy Edmond’s life as a means of protecting his own.

Villefort’s actions introduce another motivating force in the novel: fear of exposure and loss of status. The volatile political situation heightens this fear, just as it gives Danglars the means to strike back at Edmond. The characters inhabit a society in which ambitious men can assume new identities and scale great social heights—as Villefort has done—but can just as easily lose all they’ve gained, as Edmond has.

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