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100 pages 3 hours read

Hannah Webster Foster

The Coquette

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1797

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Letters 29-36Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Letter 29 Summary: “To Miss Eliza Wharton”

Lucy begs Eliza to listen to Mrs. Richman and not fall into Sanford’s trap. She notes that Sanford has never once mentioned marriage to Eliza, and that is suspicious. She writes that the desire of reforming a rake has undone countless women. Furthermore, a virtuous woman should not even associate with such a depraved figure and is horrified at the notion of Eliza falling for one. 

Lucy claims that Major Sanford is “destitute of fortune, prudence, economy, and regularity” (58). She paints a picture of the major as a man who is all show, lacking the basic virtues possessed by someone like Mr. Boyer, and believes Eliza is too rational to pick Boyer over the reverend.

Lucy has visited Eliza’s mother, who believes that Eliza is planning to marry Mr. Boyer. Lucy is in preparation to get married too, and stresses to Eliza the gravity of marriage as a lifelong union. She looks forward to seeing Lucy soon.

Letter 30 Summary: “To Miss Lucy Freeman”

Eliza tells Lucy that she has described Major Sanford in unfair terms, but not to worry because she has renounced him entirely. General Richman and his wife succeeded in convincing her to break off relations with Sanford. 

Sanford invites Eliza to spend an hour with him. Sanford is leaving for a while, and, knowing that Mr. Boyer will soon be visiting, he cannot go in peace without seeing Eliza first. During this meeting, Eliza thanks him for his attention during their acquaintance, but says that “all connection of the kind, to which he alluded, must from that time, for ever cease” (60). Major Sanford uses all of his rhetorical prowess to try to convince her otherwise, but to no avail. Dismayed, Sanford makes his exit. 

Eliza slightly laments his gallantry and the promise of his fortune. 

Miss Laurence visits and says that Sanford has bought Mr. Pribble’s seat in Hartford. She still holds a high opinion of him. Eliza believes that Miss Laurence is somewhat  “taken in” by Sanford. 

Mr. Boyer will soon be visiting. Eliza notes that she admires the marital attachment between the Richmans and that she despises “the married man or woman, who harbors an inclination to partake of separate pleasures” (61). 

A servant of Mr. Emmons, “a respectable merchant of this city,” gives Eliza an invitation to attend an assembly that evening with Emmons. Eliza sarcastically describes this as “a new conquest” (62).

Letter 31 Summary: “To Miss Eliza Wharton”

Major Sanford has arrived in Hartford society. Twenty-one couples attend his welcome party, but Lucy refuses to go. Because she views Sanford as an “assassin of honor,” she has no qualms about disavowing him (63). She views it as her duty to denounce Sanford for the benefit of women everywhere. 

While out riding, Lucy happens upon Mrs. Wharton, who reveals that Sanford has come to visit her. Lucy believes that this visit proves “he has not yet laid aside his arts” (64).

Letter 32 Summary: “To Mr. Charles Deighton”

Major Sanford is truly hurt by the loss of Eliza’s favor. He has “not felt one sensation of genuine pleasure” since being dismissed (64).

He views his new estate favorably, especially given its proximity to his “charmer’s native abode” (64). Sanford still plans to separate Eliza and Mr. Boyer. He believes his way of living to be more attractive to Eliza than Boyer’s and seeks to use this to regain her favor. It was to this end that he visited Mrs. Wharton, as he seeks to “ingratiate” himself to her “particular friends” (64). Mrs. Wharton invites him to call on her whenever the opportunity arises. 

Sanford plans to “court popularity” and to accept “some lucrative office in the civil department” (65). He was forced to mortgage his new property, not possessing sufficient financial means on his own. He plans to maintain the trappings of fortune until he can find a woman of wealth to marry. 

Sanford wishes Deighton would visit him in order to lift his spirits.

Letter 33 Summary: “To Miss Lucy Freeman”

Mr. Boyer has been visiting for three days, and Eliza begins to warm to the idea of matrimony. Eliza notes that she has begun to assume a mood of gravity, which seems appropriate for the situation. 

Boyer will escort Eliza back to Hartford in a week to visit her mother and Lucy. General Richman plans a farewell party for Eliza in the meantime. Eliza expects to be engaged and unable to write Lucy of events that occur until she sees her in person.

Letter 34 Summary: “To Mrs. Richman”

Eliza arrives back home to her mother, brother, and Lucy Freeman. Lucy and Mrs. Wharton have an emotional reunion. Eliza introduces Mr. Boyer to her friends and family. Mrs. Wharton greets him especially warmly. 

Major Sanford arrives with other neighbors to welcome Eliza. Boyer and Sanford great each other cordially. Eliza is now more partial to Boyer than ever. 

Eliza plans to go help Lucy prepare for her upcoming wedding.

Letter 35 Summary: “To Miss Eliza Wharton”

General Richman writes to Eliza to inform her that Mrs. Richman has given birth to a daughter. They hope to be able to attend Lucy Freeman’s wedding.

Letter 36 Summary: “To Mrs. Richman”

Eliza writes to congratulate Mrs. Richman on the birth of her daughter. 

Lucy marries her fiancée, Mr. George Sumner. The two make an ideal couple. Eliza worries that the union will result in “separation; perhaps, of an alienation of affection” between she and Lucy (70). 

Eliza and Boyer attend a ball, and Eliza tries to ignore Boyer’s attentions, because she is “too much engaged by the exhilarating scenes around, for attending to a subject which affords no variety” (71). Eliza is pleased to see that Boyer is not averse to the ball, though he does not directly participate. She ends up dancing with Major Sanford, which makes Boyer jealous. 

Lucy Freeman, now Mrs. Lucy Sumner, is to move to Boston in a week. Eliza will accompany her and live with her family for a month or two

Letters 29-36 Analysis

A rake is a typical stock character, dating back to historical figures in the late 17th century. Rakes were typically womanizers with a proclivity for drinking, gambling, and squandering their inherited fortune. Major Sanford exhibits each of these qualities in varying proportion. Such libertine behavior sets him at odds with a society whose values are founded upon sober Christian morals and fiscally-conservative values. 

The idea of reforming a rake comes partially of a Christian ideal of redemption. All souls can receive absolution, as long as it is sought; and a reformed sinner marks a conquest of the good. Throughout the novel, Eliza seems to hold onto the hope that there is good in everyone, that Sanford’s ill deeds may just be due to youthful folly. Lucy, however, reminds Eliza that such figures are rarely reformed in any meaningful way. Eventually Eliza’s friends’ opinions prevail; her reason, for a time, outweighs her passion, and she renounces Sanford in favor of Mr. Boyer. 

Part of the reason that Boyer is a legitimate choice for Eliza and Sanford is not is because of Sanford’s financial insolvency. His prodigality has squandered what fortune he may once have had. He himself laments his lack of fortune; the major reason he does not seek to marry Eliza is because of the relative poverty their marriage would be subject to. In a society where nonplatonic relationships between men and women were not allowed outside marriage, Lucy is correct to remind Eliza that it is suspicious that Sanford never mentions marriage as he courts Eliza.

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