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132 pages 4 hours read

Ruth Minsky Sender

The Cage

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Middle Grade | Published in 1986

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Chapters 25-27Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 25 Summary

Immediately after disembarking the train at Auschwitz, men and women are separated, “so fast, like in a horrible dream” (119). Though she desperately calls for her brothers, she loses them immediately in the pushing crowds, and her calls are lost amid all the others calling after their loved ones. Riva watches Mrs. Boruchowitch be pulled to a side group and watches as her daughter, Rifkele, is kicked away from that group. Another neighbor, Karola, encourages Riva that her brother and Riva’s brothers were together when she last saw them. Karola’s mother is pulled away from them. All around the young women, voices rise, repeating: “You must not lose hope!” (120)

Riva hopes “that it is all a horrible nightmare” (120), “but the nightmare continues” (121). The sounds of whips and blows, and the pain they create, circle around Rifkele, Karola, and Riva. They are ordered into a barrack and must undress; “like a zombie,” Riva follows orders, feeling “suddenly blind” when she loses her glasses, “left all alone in the darkness” (121). A woman “in striped prison clothes” shaves her head, for fear of lice, in a room full of “mountains of hair” and “piles of clothing” “growing bigger and bigger with each passing row of new arrivals” (121).

After a cold shower wakes her up, Riva searches for her friends, who struggle to recognize one another. Feeling “degraded” in their nakedness, they move together, taking clothing to cover themselves. They trade clothes to find the right sizes, and Rifkele, grateful for Riva’s trade, tells her: “We are not animals yet. We still have our pride” (122). But they march to a new barrack, where “unreal,” “ghastly” voices ask them about the world “outside this hell” (122). They ask if the newcomers have seen “chimneys” or felt “the Angel of Death” (122). Rifkele finds an old friend, Tola, and the two gasp at the changes in their appearances, praying to God to help them “remain human” (123). Riva, Karola, and Rifkele join Tola in her bunk.

Chapter 26 Summary

“Within seconds” after the Nazis order them out of the barrack, the women housed with Riva, “a strange mass of weird-looking creatures,” are in a line (124). The newcomers ask where they are and ask what Auschwitz is, but the voice that responds merely says: “You are lucky! […] You are alive!” (124). They are told to listen to orders and warned that they will “go up in smoke” if they are sick or disobedient (124). Riva notices the smoke in the distance and wonders what it comes from.

The Nazis “count the standing bodies again and again” and then “count the dead bodies on the ground,” a process that lasts “hours and hours” (125). Later, the women crowd a cauldron of soup, and then, at the order of a man behind the bullhorn, “the hot soup is poured on the women in the front rows” (125). When the next soup comes, no one moves, but it is not a trick: each person receives foul soup in a can.

When the time to use the toilet comes, Riva stays with her friends for the march. They are told that they have five minutes, but Riva is shocked that she is surrounded by masses of “rag-clad women” who “stand with their legs apart,” and she exclaims that she “cannot” go to the bathroom in such a space (126). But Tola tells her that she “cannot afford to be bashful,” and though Riva feels “like an animal,” she moves toward a hole, at which point she is pushed out and the next group moves in, “some hardly able to hold out any longer” (126).

Chapter 27 Summary

One night, in the barrack, the women are suddenly ordered outside. Terrified, they wait “for hours,” uncertain for what or whom, until “night gives way to dawn” (127). When, eventually, they can reenter the barrack, they must step “over the bodies of those who did not survive the night’s ordeal” (127). After the scare, Riva and her friends join together, thankful that they are still alive, and work to get sleep.

Riva’s sleeping world is full of nightmares, in which she is “surrounded by living skeletons, their eyes bulging from their heads and their bony arms reaching out” as if to “embrace” her (128). When she jumps out of the dream, though, she wonders if the skeletons were part of her reality or part of her nightmare. The next time they are ordered out of the barracks, still more remain “half dead […] motionless, waiting for the end to come and free them from this hell” (128). A young girl tries to coax her mother outside, pulling her from a bunk, but the mother asks her daughter to leave her behind, for she is “young”: she tells her daughter that she “must live” (128).

Some women eventually pull the girl away, telling her simply that her “mother is gone” and carrying her, screaming, outside, where “the sun is hot” (129). The women are given a slice of bread and some coffee, which must last until evening, “if you are still here,” and then they are forced to “stand for hours and hours in the hot sun” (129). After some women faint, lying on the ground “waiting to die,” a prisoner in charge (calledkapos) shoots a powerful garden hose at the crowd, which knocks down some women. As prisoners try to drink some of the water, the stream disappears, and they are sent to the barrack again, where “the bodies of the dead have been taken away. The empty places are filled with new arrivals” (129).

Chapters 25-27 Analysis

At Auschwitz, mothers and daughters continue to be pulled apart: Rifkele and Mrs. Boruchowitch, Tola and her children, and the little girl at her mother’s bedside. The desperate, long-lasting grief that Riva feels for her mother begins to appear commonplace in a world that produces dead bodies in vast numbers, a “hell” that replaces the dead with new prisoners. Time both speeds up and slows down in this space, in which prisoners spend countless, pointless hours standing in different spaces, undergoing mockeries, or can find themselves ordered somewhere new in “seconds.”

Riva’s blindness, when she loses her glasses, deprives her senses, and she cannot tell her friends from the other “skeletons” just as she cannot tell night from day. Her horrific nightmares resemble her daytime. As day and night, and waking and sleeping, begin to blur, so, too, do life and death. In sleep, in bathrooms, and in eating, the Nazis dehumanize their prisoners. It is the crowds jostling that anger the guards, causing the soup to spill. It is the numbers of women using the bathroom at once that disgusts Riva. It is the number of bodies to a bunk that trouble women’s sleep. Each woman is anonymous and replaceable.

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