32 pages • 1 hour read
Suzan-Lori ParksA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The Foundling Father is a gravedigger, and he decides to translate that skill into digging a replica of the Great Hole of History, a theme park he visited on his honeymoon. The Foundling Father remembers the original Great Hole as a place where real historical people existed and could be observed, although Lucy later explains that these people were only actors impersonating historical figures. As a gravedigger, the Foundling Father lays the dead to rest, providing a marked and categorized place to memorialize regular people. But he longs to dig for greater men, imagining how, if he had been alive earlier, Mary Todd Lincoln might have called on him to bury President Lincoln.
But those who are deemed historically great can only exist in the past. Therefore, the Foundling Father sets out to dig a new Great Hole of History as a site where he can be Lincoln. In the original Great Hole the Foundling Father describes the different historical people as coexisting simultaneously, gathered as an ensemble of important figures rather than within their own historical contexts. The Great Hole is also a place where Black histories are lost beneath the surface, just as the Foundling Father’s body and the artifacts of his life become lost.
When Lucy and Brazil search for the Foundling Father, they take a different tactic. Rather than relying on a construction of history, they dig beneath the surface, listening for echoes and voices, and finding physical remnants. By digging, Brazil is attempting to stir up the past, unlike gravedigging, which lays the past to rest. Although Brazil finds his father’s body and some of his belongings, these artifacts don’t tell a full story, and many of them are insignificant. Brazil interprets them and creates his own understanding of his father’s life. In the end, the Foundling Father must also be buried and laid to rest, but in a place where he is no longer lost.
According to Lucy, the dead and past events leave impressions that can be heard. She explains that there are three types of echoes: echoes of sounds; the words of the dead, or whispers; and finally, the body. As a Confidence, Lucy listens to the final words of those who are dying and remembers and keeps their secrets—with the caveat that after 12 years, no one cares anymore, and the secrets can be shared. If there is no Confidence present, the whispers hang in the air until a Confidence can collect them. This suggests that no death—or life, for that matter—is truly unwitnessed. Even the most mundane secrets, such as the fact that Bram Price wore lifts, aren’t lost to the Great Hole of History.
The most prominent echo of sound throughout the play is the gunshot, which echoes at the end of Act 1 and then reverberates throughout Act 2. Although the Foundling Father attempts to become an impersonator of the living Lincoln, his customers are much more interested in the spectacle and drama of the assassination. Therefore, the gunshot becomes the loudest memory of Lincoln as well as the loudest echo of the Foundling Father, who reenacts the assassination over and over. For those who participate as Booth, the assassination is real. They are becoming a part of history as much as the Foundling Father becomes a part of history by becoming Lincoln. And at the end of the play, it is unclear whether the final gunshot signals the Foundling Father’s real death, blurring the line between performance and reality.
Among his possessions, the Foundling Father has a bust and a cardboard cutout of Abraham Lincoln that he occasionally winks or nods at. These idols of Lincoln indicate how the historical man has been mythicized and reduced to a specific image, including the images on the pennies that Brazil finds. As much as the Foundling Father seems to know about Lincoln in recorded history, he still reveres these images, constantly acknowledging them. He also knows that those who come to “assassinate” him are expecting him to match the image of Lincoln. They don’t want to see him with a yellow beard, for instance. Many of them are interested in specific historical details, only willing to shoot with the correct gun, but they still expect the fabled image of Lincoln with a beard and a stovepipe hat, regardless of historical accuracy.
However, while the Foundling Father states that he is repeatedly told he resembles Lincoln, he doesn’t mention the major physical difference: his Blackness. The Foundling Father’s race reframes the reenactment and the fact that people are lining up to shoot him. In a way, he is taking on the violence that was enacted upon a White man for the sake of anti-Black racism. While Lincoln is historically framed as a president who took a bullet for the noble cause of abolition, the Foundling Father’s impersonations recenter the narrative on Black sacrifice. But the Foundling Father also recognizes that certain deviations from the truth help his customers connect to his impersonation, demonstrating that our conception and interpretation of history is more about spun narratives than absolute historical accuracy.
By Suzan-Lori Parks