logo

25 pages 50 minutes read

J. D. Salinger

Teddy

Fiction | Short Story | Adult | Published in 1953

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Themes

The Search for Spiritual Enlightenment

Fueled by his own search for spiritual enlightenment, Salinger writes Teddy as someone with the same goal. Through “Teddy,” Salinger argues one must let go of logic and materialism to reach this enlightenment. When Teddy and Bob Nicholson discuss the Leidekker Examining Group’s study of the former, Teddy claims one must employ different perspectives to learn and grow. Among these perspectives is that of Christianity—specifically, a reference to the biblical Adam and Eve, their consumption of forbidden fruit, and their exile from the Garden of Eden for gaining logic from the fruit. Thus, in order to “get out of the finite dimension” (138) of reality, the first thing one must let go of is logic as humans understand it. Teddy and Nicholson’s conversation mirrors Salinger’s own investigation of different religions and philosophies, all to build an argument against singular logic: In addition to Christianity, he explores Buddhism and Vedantic Reincarnation through Teddy’s talk of past lives.

Salinger also paints material goods as sources of tension. In the opening scene, Teddy stands on his father’s expensive Gladstone suitcase with disregard for its price. From this perspective, one could argue it is Mr. McArdle’s concern for the Leica camera, lent to Booper, that leads to Teddy’s fate. In opposition to his father’s concern for material goods, Teddy has “no money” for a haircut (124) and wears disheveled clothes. In contrast to his past life as an Indian man, he finds his current incarnation as an American man counterintuitive to meditation and philosophy. He understands that “everything [is] god” (137), and yet, even with this understanding, he still has spiritual work to do. If one reads Teddy’s goal as ending his reincarnation and the short story’s ending as him dying, death is perhaps welcome as the next step in enlightenment.

Death From an Unsentimental Perspective

Integral to Teddy’s search for spiritual enlightenment is his view of death. Salinger often writes unsentimental characters, and Teddy is no exception. For Teddy, death is not a tragedy: “All you do is get the heck out of your body when you die” (140). In his journal, he relays a story about a woman whose husband’s head was split open by a falling coconut. The woman “gets very sad of course, and cries heartbreakingly” (131), but Teddy wishes she would scream “just stop it already!” (131) at her husband’s head. He isn’t opposed to emotion, but sees sentimentality as counterproductive to humans. He uses the story to voice his opinion of reincarnation, as he wishes to stop his own cycle. Teddy believes the deceased should stay with God, and having lived a past life, feels detached from his physical body and likely, other people. For example, after having observed a “whole garbage can of orange peels out the window,” he wonders what might happen if someone “sort of chopped [his] head off” (125). This juxtaposition of fruit and death is reinforced by the coconut story.

Teddy doesn’t see death as a tragedy because his goal is to die, so he can be with God “where it’s really nice” (139). He wants to be enlightened enough to stop his reincarnation, and is thus critical of humans who want to be reborn without understanding the weight of life: “They just want new bodies all the time” (139). He is especially critical of the Leidekker Examining Group, who are afraid to die despite teaching religion and philosophy. Overall, the short story lacks concrete answers, but does raise the important question of whether or not Teddy is racing to meet death.

The Loss of Innocence

Like Salinger’s famous novel The Catcher in the Rye, “Teddy” explores the dichotomy of childlike appearance and adult intellectualism through Booper, Myron, and Teddy. When Teddy finds Booper, she has thrown their parents’ Leica camera in a drain in favor of stacking shuffleboard tiles. This description highlights her childishness, and thus her innocence. However, her innocence is challenged by her cruel treatment of Myron. The horrors of war plague young Myron as they do Salinger and Mr. McArdle, as he lost his father in Korea—and thus, his innocence.

Booper’s childish, if somewhat macabre, fantasy of killing parents with poisoned marshmallows speaks to her parents’ influence—intentional or otherwise. This line of thinking frames her as capable of hurting others, even family, and thus strengthens the eventual implication of her pushing Teddy into an empty pool. In this interpretation, she loses her innocence through accidental murder.

While Teddy rejects sentimentality, he is not without emotion. He childishly claps water from his ear to reference his swimming lessons, while waxing philosophy and poetry. In addition to his mannerisms, his outfit includes a large belt that emphasizes his smallness. Teddy remembers his past life as an Indian man who was spiritually advanced, but his body remains that of a child. His relationship with his parents subverts the parent-child dynamic, in that he ignores their requests and cleans up after his father. While he is described as “pure,” his wisdom challenges this innocence.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text