59 pages • 1 hour read
Edgar Rice BurroughsA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The group of marooned people investigates the cabin that night and buries the skeletons after Professor Porter determines them to be a white male and female and an infant. Jane discovers the name John Clayton in some of the books and realizes that this must be the cabin of William Cecil Clayton’s uncle who vanished at sea. They realize that the skeletons must be John and Alice. Tarzan watches the burial with confusion, having only ever buried a body to save its meat for later eating. The sailors of the Arrow prepare to leave, and Professor Porter reveals that they mutinied in order to steal a treasure. Tarzan follows the ship down the coast out of curiosity and watches the sailors bury a chest beneath a tree. The sailors kill Snipes for refusing to help them dig the hole. They throw his body on top of the chest before returning to the ship. Tarzan realizes that the chest must contain something valuable and that the sailors must intend to come back for it later. He decides to move the chest and reburies it in the Dum-Dum amphitheater of the apes. He returns to the cabin and watches Jane through the window, enchanted by her beauty. She is writing a letter, and he steals it through the window after she goes to sleep.
Tarzan reads Jane’s letter, which is addressed to her friend Hazel back in her hometown of Baltimore, Maryland. She writes that her father set out on this expedition after learning about a Spanish treasure of gold that had been buried on an island off Cabo Verde in West Africa. He borrowed money to fund the venture from a man named Robert Canler, whom Jane strongly dislikes. Jane recounts how they found the treasure, but the crew of the ship mutinied and killed the officers to obtain the treasure for themselves. The sailors had a leader named King who was shot on the first day they landed, but he was their only navigator.
Jane also writes that she knows that William Clayton is in love with her, but she dislikes the fact that he is an English Lord and not a plain American man. Jane mentions the mysterious note from “Tarzan of the Apes” and the stranger who keeps saving them. Later, Tarzan writes at the bottom of Jane’s letter, “I am Tarzan of the Apes” (100), but this disturbs Jane, who is frightened to realize that he was watching her at night. The group lives in the cabin for the next month, gathering food from the jungle and watching for any ships that might pass by. Tarzan writes a note for Jane declaring his love, but before he can leave it for her, he hears the roar of an ape. Esmerelda and Jane have been out gathering fruit, and when Clayton goes to check on them, he finds that Jane is missing. Esmerelda has fainted but claims when she wakes up that Jane was abducted by a giant ape and carried off into the forest. Professor porter resolves to go after her alone, but Clayton volunteers to go with him, and Philander does as well.
The narrative relates that after Tarzan left the ape group, the apes decided to take Tarzan’s advice and drive off Terkoz by attacking him as a group. Now, alone and angry, Terkoz travels through the jungle in search of something to vent his anger upon. He finds Jane and grabs her, believing that she will replace his female mates from the group. Jane remains conscious even though she is afraid, and she does not scream because she is trying to conserve her voice. Terkoz takes her deep into the jungle, but Tarzan follows behind, tracking his movements by observing the tiny signs of disturbance in the branches.
When he finds Terkoz, he attacks the ape, and Jane watches as Tarzan stabs Terkoz to death. Tarzan instinctively takes Jane into his arms and kisses her. Jane reciprocates his affection at first, but then she remembers her manners and pushes him away, embarrassed. Tarzan is confused by the rejection and carries her deeper into the jungle. Meanwhile, the group at the cabin hears a cannon fire and goes outside to find the Arrow anchored beside a French ship. Clayton lights a signal fire, and the French ship draws up to shore. The French officers explain that they saw the Arrow out at sea and noticed that the ship appeared to be out of control. They saw a figure at the rail signaling for help. Upon investigation, the Frenchmen found the Arrow’s crew mostly dead, having resorted to cannibalism after nearly starving to death. The survivors told the whole story to the French, who returned to rescue the marooned people. Now, Clayton explains that Jane has been lost in the jungle. Two French officers, Lieutenant D’Arnot and Lieutenant Charpentier, volunteer to help lead a rescue party to find her.
As Tarzan takes Jane through the jungle, she lies in his arms and notices his exceptional masculine beauty. She notes that his scar, which had been red when he fought Terkoz, is only a white line on his forehead again. Tarzan smiles at her, and she feels unafraid despite the terrifying circumstances. Tarzan begins to consider his actions, wondering if he is any different from Terkoz if he takes Jane away against her will to be his mate. He arrives at the Dum-Dum amphitheater and sets Jane down in a clearing. He leaves her alone briefly and she becomes afraid again, but then Tarzan returns with ripe fruit for her to eat. He comforts her and kisses her forehead. They eat together, and Jane tries to speak English to him, but he cannot understand. Eventually, he makes her a bed of ferns to sleep on. Jane notices that he has a diamond locket around his neck, and he gives it to her. When she opens it, she finds a photo of a man and woman who look very similar to Tarzan. Tarzan also shows her the other photograph of the Claytons that he took from the cabin, and she notices they are the same people. As an indication of his innate aristocratic heritage, Tarzan gives Jane the locket as a gift and then kisses her hand. They go to sleep for the night, and Tarzan gives Jane his knife and sleeps at the entrance of the bower he has built to keep her safe. When Jane wakes up in the morning, she realizes that she is very happy with Tarzan and that she is reluctant to leave him and return to her people. They travel through the jungle together, and Jane pledges her love to Tarzan, asking him to return to her even though he cannot understand her words. One day, they hear gunshots, and Jane returns to the cabin while Tarzan vanishes. Mr. Philander thinks Jane is a lion chasing him and tries to play dead, causing Esmeralda to faint again and Jane to be amused.
Meanwhile, the French expedition searches the jungle for Jane, following an old elephant track that leads toward the African village. The party is attacked by the village, and several men are wounded or killed. Lieutenant D’Arnot is captured and taken back to the village to be tortured and eaten. D’Arnot resolves to die with dignity. Tarzan discovers the ritual occurring before D’Arnot is killed and ropes some of the villagers up into the trees. The other villagers watch in terror and flee back to the village walls. Tarzan frees D’Arnot and picks him up to tend to his injuries.
Lieutenant Charpentier continues to search for D’Arnot but sends Professor Porter and Clayton back to the beach. They find Jane there, safe and unharmed. Jane reveals that she was rescued by Tarzan, but Clayton suggests that Tarzan might be affiliated with the village who attacked their party and killed the Frenchmen. Jane objects, asserting that Tarzan is not a “cannibal” or a “savage,” but she begins to worry that society would never consider Tarzan to be an acceptable match for her because of his lack of “civilized” manners. The next day, Lieutenant Charpentier reaches the village and battles the members, shooting all the men but sparing the women and children. The French leave the village unburned so that the survivors will be safe from jungle animals, but they find scraps of D’Arnot’s uniform and assume that he has been killed and eaten. They return to the ship, and Jane feels guilty for causing a man’s death, but the officers assure her D’Arnot would have chosen to die for such a good cause. Clayton jealously suggests that Tarzan left Jane behind because he was eager to return home for the feast, and this suggestion hurts her feelings. He apologizes in a letter, telling her that he would not want to hurt her. While Jane might have previously been excited by Clayton’s romantic feelings for her, she is now saddened by them.
The romance between Tarzan and Jane in these chapters conveys the author’s suggestion that heterosexual physical attraction is both natural and irresistible. While Tarzan and Jane cannot speak to each other or form any sort of intellectual connection, their sexual desire for one another proves powerful enough to overcome these significant barriers. Jane is more conflicted than Tarzan about her romantic feelings because she has been indoctrinated into a society in which heterosexual desire is regulated by the rituals of courtship and marriage, but Burroughs hints that these social rules are not able to fully suppress her innate attraction to Tarzan’s masculine physique. Thus, the event approaches the theme of Nature Versus Nurture from an entirely different direction.
Similarly, Tarzan’s attraction to Jane is framed as instinctive even though it is also constrained by his rational knowledge of his own humanity. Rather than portraying Tarzan’s sexual desire for Jane, Burroughs uses language that depicts attraction as a protective instinct. When Tarzan notices his feelings for Jane, they are not related to any impulse to satisfy physical lust. Instead, he thinks “that she was created to be protected, and that he was created to protect her” (91). This renders his assertive masculine behavior less sexually threatening or potentially violating. Rather than demanding that Jane allow him to satisfy his sexual desires, his love note promises to provide resources and protection for her, declaring: “I want you. I am yours. You are mine. We live here together always in my house. I will bring you the best of fruits, the tenderest deer, the finest meats that roam the jungle” (101). When Tarzan does feel physical desire for Jane, it is quickly controlled by his rational mind. After he saves Jane from Terkoz, who sees her as a replacement for his lost ape mates, Burroughs writes that “he did what no red-blooded man needs lessons in doing. He took his woman in his arms and smothered her upturned, panting lips with kisses” (106). Tarzan’s love for Jane is thus shown to have a sexual aspect—one that is portrayed as natural and instinctive rather than the result of social degeneracy or corruption. However, he is able to stop himself from going further by rationalizing, “It was the order of the jungle for the male to take his mate by force; but could Tarzan be guided by the laws of the beasts? Was not Tarzan a Man? But what did men do?” (112). Through this depiction of Tarzan’s romantic feelings for Jane, Burroughs suggests that heterosexual desire for men is related to their role as providers and protectors and that this desire is “normal” and healthy when properly restrained by reason.
Jane, on the other hand, has more complex feelings about her attraction to Tarzan due to her upbringing in American society. Jane’s desire for Tarzan is highly tied to his physical appearance and strength. She often muses upon his beauty and powerful body, finding herself drawn to these features even as she tries to resist. Her letter to Hazel, an American friend from Baltimore, hints that she is unsatisfied with the relatively weak masculinity of English aristocrats like William Cecil Clayton. While Clayton is kind to her, he is often afraid in the face of danger and lacks physical strength. Jane laments to Hazel that “he is wealthy in his own right, but the fact that he is going to be an English Lord makes me very sad […] Oh, if he were only a plain American gentleman!” (99). Ironically, however, Jane finds herself falling in love, not with a plain American gentleman, but with a man who is both a rich English aristocrat by birth and man living in the “wild” by training. Thus, she too finds an odd sense of Hybrid Identity and Belonging in the secluded jungle world that he creates for her and feels reluctant to rejoin her other companions. Yet she is not entirely able to reject her own cultural upbringing to give in to her natural desires, for while she initially reciprocates Tarzan’s kiss, she pulls away and rejects him as her sense of propriety reasserts itself. Burroughs writes that “an outraged conscience suffused her face with its scarlet mantle, and a mortified woman thrust Tarzan of the Apes from her and buried her face in her hands” (106). This language frames the “civilized” rules of courtship as a veil, a barrier that is meant to separate Jane from the instinctive heterosexual attraction she feels while immersed in nature. However, she finds herself unable to return completely to her previous mode of behavior after her experience with Tarzan. When William Cecil Clayton writes her a romantic letter, she feels afraid rather than excited, reflecting that “a week ago that sentence would have filled her with delight, now it depressed her” (128). Thus, Jane struggles with her persistent desire for Tarzan, for although her code of conduct prevents her from consummating their relationship sexually, it cannot prevent her from feeling an enduring love for Tarzan even after they are separated. The burgeoning romance between Tarzan and Jane connects to the recurring theme of Hybrid Identity and Belonging as Tarzan’s own hybrid nature is emphasized through the conflict between his English heritage and his ape lifestyle. In this section of the story, Burroughs explores how desire is suppressed by both instinctive human rationality and the more formal codes of social behavior, but he hints that the attraction between men and women is also a part of “primitive” human nature and therefore can never be completely controlled.