37 pages • 1 hour read
R. K. NarayanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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The plot of Swami and Friends revolves around Swaminathan, the central protagonist, who initially typifies the innocence of youth and all the mischievousness that childhood entails. He prefers cricket to school, takes his family for granted, and attempts to play out childhood fantasies in the often reckless games and stunts he pursues with his shifting group of friends. Initially coming across as passive and timid--more likely to follow than to lead the crowd (as we witness in the mob scene of Chapter 12)--and overshadowed amongst his peers by the more self-assured Mani and Rajam, Swaminathan, however, becomes bolder and more socially prominent over the course of the novel. The most vital player on the cricket team, it is ultimately, Swaminathan, and not Rajam or Mani that holds the key to M.C.C.’s victory. And though his rebellion against the headmaster results in childish flight, he openly and boldly defies the central authority figure of his school without waiting for Rajam’s support, and without the support of an angry mob to fuel his courage. While the novel centers on a brief period in Swaminathan’s life, in this brief journey, we witness the revolutionary change happening in India, and the subtle revolution of character and understanding that takes place within Swaminathan. Although the ambiguous ending points to the impossibility of knowing how his life and friendships will ultimately unfold, the drama of that final train station scene—the coming and going, the beginning and ending, the speech and the silence—illustrates all the flurry of life moving, shifting, and changing in both perpetual and inscrutable ways.
Mani is Swaminathan’s best friend, and a sharp contrast in character. While Swaminathan’s family is relatively comfortable, Mani’s family lives in poverty. Although Swaminathan is passive and timid, Mani is aggressive and boisterous. He is the largest and strongest of his peers, often bullying anyone crossing his path regardless of their age. He detests cowardice and weakness, even choking Swaminathan when he exhibits fear; however, in spite of his tough bravado and occasional volatility, it is ultimately Mani who stands by Swaminathan’s side when his friendship with Rajam sours; it is ultimately Mani who consoles him at the station after the train has carried his best friend away. Thus, it is Mani, in all the dramatic changes and departures in this book, that is the one constant friend in Swaminathan’s life throughout the book.
Rajam is Swaminathan’s other best friend, and he is virtually inseparable from Mani and Swaminathan after they resolve their differences early in the book. Like Mani, Rajam serves as a contrast to Swaminathan. Whereas Swaminathan’s family lives a middle-class lifestyle, Rajam, whose father is the Police Superintendent of Malgudi, lives in relative luxury, wearing expensive clothes to school, being chauffeured to school, possessing piles of toys, and speaking impeccable European English. Rajam and his family represent the minority of Indians benefitting under British-colonial rule, as opposed to the vast majority of Indians who struggle, like Mani, in abject poverty; however, Rajam’s privilege does not make him haughty or arrogant. Instead, he uses his impressive standing with his peers to mend friendships and bring others together. In this light, he is the bona-fide leader of Swaminathan’s group of friends. Although his friendship with Swaminathan ends in ambiguity at the train station, Rajam’s departure illustrates hard realities: 1) that differences in social class and class politics make youthful friendships difficult to maintain with each advancing year, and 2), these social class fault-lines often foreshadow an inevitable rupture and divorce. Though the future between Rajam and Swaminathan is unclear, it is hard to imagine that they will ever recapture or return to the innocence and exuberance of their youthful friendship. Time and class, like that train, inevitably separates friends, families, communities, and countries.
By R. K. Narayan