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Ted ChiangA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Presented in the form of a scientific journal editorial, this story deals with the obsolete role of human scientists in a future where metahumans perform research that is beyond human comprehension.
The metahumans allow access to their research only through digital neural transfer, or DNT. This necessitates translation into human language, so new discoveries are available to humans only secondhand: “Journals for human audiences were reduced to vehicles of popularization, and poor ones at that, as even the most brilliant humans found themselves puzzled by translations of the latest findings” (195). Metahuman science obviates the need for human research, which renders scientists’ careers obsolete, except as interpreters of metahuman findings.
Devices made as a result of metahuman research become starting points for “reverse engineering,” whereby humans attempt not to produce similar devices but understand how the existing ones work. The article posits that such activities might be meaningless, comparing them to paleography, the study of ancient writing systems. Furthermore, the article notes that, unlike in earlier times, humans are in no danger of extinction from metahumans. No adults can become metahumans—the only way is to manipulate genes in utero—so parents of metahumans have a difficult choice ahead of them: if they allow their children’s DNT to develop naturally, the children will “grow incomprehensible to them” (195); if not, children will suffer catastrophic deprivation. This is why humans rarely accept such gene manipulation.
Human research, however, might be able to come up with ways to enhance human intelligence so that it can comprehend metahumans—something in which metahumans have expressed no interest. The article urges the readers to remember “the technologies that made metahumans possible were originally invented by humans, and they were no smarter than we” (196).
In his Story Notes, Ted Chiang explains that he wrote this short piece of fiction expressly for the British science journal Nature, as part of an ongoing project that invites writers to imagine possible future outcomes of current scientific research.
In his story, Chiang extrapolates that human science will lead to the advent of metahumans, super-intelligent beings operating on a cognitive level unimagined by ordinary humans. The author utilizes growing interest in AI and the digital revolution as logical starting points for developments that will essentially alienate humanity from parts of itself. He writes, “[R]ight now there are people in the world who, if they’re aware of the computer revolution at all, know of it only as something happening to other people, somewhere else” (268). Metahumans have pursuits and interests that are beyond human intelligence, or even language. Like in “Understand” and “Story of Your Life,” Chiang introduces the idea of a meta-language developed as a result of thinking processes which no longer follow the traditional lines of human logic.
Understanding metahumans and the way they process information is no longer possible, and so their achievements, although beneficial for the rest of humanity, remain elusive in terms of replication. Although genetic manipulation can result in children developing metahuman abilities, parents feel discouraged by the future inability to comprehend their children. 21st century readers can connect this idea with the change witnessed now in younger people, who build their idea of the world in close connection to their ability to use internet technologies—as opposed to their parents whose mindset remains attached to analogue conceptualization. For that reason, this story, written in the year 2000, is highly predictive.
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