58 pages • 1 hour read
Orson Scott CardA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Writings by San Angelo depict an anecdote in which one rabbi saves an adulterous woman while a different rabbi kills an adulterous woman.
While pondering his new reality, Miro decides to go to the forest, but when he touches the box to open the fence, he experiences a surge of intense pain, and the box announces that he and Ouanda are to be arrested. Knowing the pequeninos watch the fence, he tries to catch their attention.
Peregrino meets with Quim and tells him that Novinha is the same person she was before, so Quim should treat her the same; if he is a faithful Catholic, he should forgive her. Peregrino sends Quim away to pray, and Ender arrives, kneeling before Peregrino. He explains he was privately baptized by his Catholic father, which confuses Peregrino since Catholics have not had to hide their religion for thousands of years. Asking more questions, Peregrino learns more about Ender’s history, including that he was a rare Third child born on Earth and that he was sent to the military by his parents. Bosquinha, Dom Cristão, and Dona Cristã arrive, but Ender waits for Novinha before starting the meeting.
Ela finds Novinha, and Novinha agrees to help. Having secretly read Ela’s files, Novinha also praises Ela’s unsanctioned work on the Descolada. Novinha accuses Ela of falling for Ender’s seduction, but Ela counters that Ender didn’t seduce her but won her trust. She adds that Ender loves the people he speaks for, including Marcão, and he loves the Ribeiras. Novinha loves Ela, too.
The pequeninos hear Miro and approach the fence, and he tells them he is in trouble for helping them. Human offers to hide Miro, but Miro can’t cross the fence. Confused, the pequeninos point to the capim grass near Miro, but he doesn’t know what they mean. Mandachuva demonstrates, chewing a blade of grass for a while, then climbing over the fence. Capim is an anesthetic, and the pequeninos have been using it to cross the fence for years to investigate the humans. Mandachuva leaves to find Ouanda, and Miro chews capim them charges the fence. The capim doesn’t work, but Miro keeps climbing. He loses consciousness when his head crosses over the fence. Hearing the pequeninos’ screams, Mandachuva returns and pushes Miro over the fence. Human stops the pequeninos from trying to plant Miro, and Mandachuva rushes for Ouanda.
Novinha and Ela arrive, and the meeting begins. Peregrino argues that the Lusitanians have no choice but to comply with Congress, but Ender disagrees. He reveals that his friend Jane can fake the severing of the ansible connection. Ender wants to remain on Lusitania as a citizen, and he wants to share knowledge with the pequeninos. He explains that the pequeninos have a third life as trees and that they did not mean to kill Pipo and Libo.
Novinha shares that the Descolada is managed, not cured, by the Colador. If it escapes Lusitania, it could kill any lifeform it comes in contact with. The virus has caused the genetic merging of plants and animals on Lusitania—pequeninos and trees, cabra and capim, grama and water snakes, xingadora birds and tropeco vices, and suckflies and reeds. As soon as Congress reads the files and realizes this, they will likely destroy Milagre without evacuating the humans.
Ouanda and Mandachuva interrupt the meeting with the news about Miro. On their way to the fence, Peregrino talks to Ender about the possibility of converting pequeninos to Catholicism. At the fence, Novinha hurts her hands trying to climb over, and Ender tells Human they can shut off the fence, but doing so will place Lusitania in a state of war with humanity. Human asks if that means Ender will restore the hive queen, but Ender must speak with the wives first to make a treaty. Human agrees, and Bosquinha and Peregrino consent to hide the ansible connection and shut off the fence. Ender climbs over and helps pass Miro to the other side, and then he, Ouanda, and Ela depart toward the forest.
Members of Starways Congress search for Demosthenes, who has publicly revealed that Congress sent the Molecular Disruption Device, or the Little Doctor, with the fleet heading toward Lusitania.
Ender, Ouanda, and Ela follow the male pequeninos through the forest to a clearing with a large tree covered in larvae-like pequenino babies. A wife, or female pequenino in her second life, emerges; the males privately call her Shouter but don’t know her real name. Shouter calls the humans forward, agreeing to let Human translate for them, as Ender does not speak the Wives’ or Males’ Languages. They walk into the clearing, and Ender’s questions are ignored. Human explains that Ender can only speak when spoken to, prompting Ender to turn around. Ender asserts they must meet as equals. Given the limitation of the Wives’ Language, Shouter agrees to use the Males’ Language, and Human agrees to translate honestly.
Shouter invites Ender into the clearing, and Ender asks about the large mothertree. Shouter touches and sings to the mothertree, which opens. Ender turns his head so Jane can look inside the dark tree and see larval pequeninos. Human describes the pequeninos reproduction process: Larval little mothers are carried by males to fathertrees, where the little mothers are fertilized. When the babies come to term, they eat their way out of the little mothers. Ela and Ouanda discuss devising a way to help little mothers give birth without dying, and Ender is angry with them for attempting to change the pequeninos. Human overhears and translates the conversation. Shouter ceremonially threatens to kill every human if they do not comply with her demands. Human explains that this is how all meetings start, but Ender refuses to continue until she withdraws the threat. Frustrated, she complies.
Miro, who has brain damage from his climb over the fence, wakes up and tries to talk to his mother and brothers. They take him to a terminal so he can scan letters to spell out his message. They tell him Ender is making a treaty, and Miro asks them to take a message to Ender immediately.
Ender and Shouter agree that pequenino law will apply to the forest and that human law to the village. Grasslands will be divided between the two groups and the hive queen at a later date. Shouter demands that Ender refrains from making treaties with any other pequenino tribe, then Novinha, Olhado, and Quim arrive with Miro’s message—the pequeninos are planning a war. Ender asserts that all humans, pequeninos, and hive queens are one tribe and will not go to war. Killing for glory is evil, but pequeninos can find glory by working together.
Ender promises to teach the pequeninos, to restore the hive queen, to obey pequenino law in the forest, and to go to war with humans if needed. Human agrees that pequeninos will abide by human laws in Milagre and that the pequeninos will not go to war with other tribes. Ender adds that pequeninos cannot try to take humans into the third life because it kills them. Human is confused, claiming that Pipo and Libo refused to give Mandachuva and Leaf-eater the honor of the third life—as Ender is expected to do with Human—because they wanted it for themselves. If Ender doesn’t give Human the honor, Human must take Ender into the third life. Ender explains that Pipo and Libo did not want to kill Mandachuva and Leaf-eater, so they let themselves be killed instead. Human sends the humans away so he can make the final arrangements, and he warns them they will hear the wives’ extreme grief. Ender must take Human into the third life after the treaty is finalized, and Novinha offers Ender emotional support.
Hours later, the pequeninos meet the humans by Rooter. They have written the treaty on blank pages in The Hive Queen and the Hegemon. Shouter added several further stipulations: that Ender must use this treaty with the other tribes and must not teach different tribes anything he hasn’t taught their tribe, that conflicts will be settled by a third party, that the pequeninos can go to war with other tribes if the other tribe attacks first, and that humans cannot take pequeninos into the third life. Ender agrees and signs, noticing that Shouter signed her real name, Star-looker.
To finalize the agreement, Ender must plant Human. Two pequeninos hit Rooter’s truck with sticks, and the tree opens and accepts Human so he can talk to Rooter first. Novinha sees that Ender signed the treaty “Ender Wiggin,” and he explains that since he went by that name when he committed the xenocide, using the name to sign this treaty may help atone. Human emerges chews a little capim, but not enough to completely desensitize him. Ender is given wooden knives and is guided through the process of cutting open Human and planting his organs. Within minutes, roots and a trunk form in Human’s dead body. The pequeninos celebrate, and Ender crawls away and sleeps in the grass with Novinha.
The next morning, Bosquinha and Peregrino come to them. They are bothered by Human’s death at first but come to understand it, and Peregrino invites the humans and pequeninos to mass. Ender lags behind, and when he enters the cathedral, he sits with Novinha’s family.
An excerpt from The Life of Human describes Human’s birth and his first life living within the mothertree and eating the tree’s sap.
Miro partially recovers but is disabled and cannot return to his regular work. He is also troubled by Ouanda’s distance, as he still loves her. He reads others’ files and sees Ouanda and Quim are compiling a lexicon of the pequeninos’ languages, Ender’s team is laying water pipes and establishing electricity in the forest, Ela is working on Descolada-resistant crops, and Novinha is searching for a Descolada antidote for the hive queen. Somehow, Miro can access locked files and an echo mode that displays what is on other terminals. He emails Bosquinha to see if there is a new computer program, but Ender comes and tells him the message was intercepted. He introduces Miro to Jane, who has been manipulating the terminal. In a moment of self-pity, Miro thinks he will never have a real romantic partner. He asks Jane to take him away from Lusitania, and she jokingly flirts with him. He realizes she understands his labored speech.
Olhado and Ender search for a location for the hive queen. They find a spot along a river and by the sea, and the hive queen confirms the suitability of the location. Jane tells Ender the hive queen’s Colador is almost ready. On their way back they discuss Miro: As the smartest person on the planet, he should leave Lusitania enter relativistic (light-speed) space travel, skipping time so he can return when the fleet is closer. Olhado heard that Mazer Rackham, who first fought the hive queens, had done that, and Ender confirms the rumor. Olhado asks about the xenocide, and Ender explains that he thought he was playing a game and wanted to quit, so he used the Little Doctor thinking he would get kicked out of Battle School.
The next day, Valentine calls Ender to make sure he is staying on Lusitania before she leaves Trondheim to join him. She has resumed writing under the pseudonym Demosthenes in order to tell the truth about the pequeninos and the Lusitanian fleet. Starways Congress has been releasing anti-pequenino propaganda, and they are sending the Little Doctor to Lusitania. Congress is searching for Demosthenes to arrest her for treason. Valentine’s family has a starship and plans to leave that day, and Ender arranges for Miro to meet her in space. He tells Valentine to think of Miro as his son.
Ender talks to Miro and discovers that Jane showed Miro his conversation with Valentine. He is jealous of Miro and Jane’s closeness. Miro asks about Pipo and Libo’s deaths, and Ender explains that the xenologers were supposed to take Leaf-eater and Mandachuva into the third life. Pipo and Libo didn’t know about the third life, so they thought they’d be killing the pequeninos and allowed themselves to be killed instead. The third life is an honor awarded to those whose achievements benefit the group: Leaf-eater was supposed to be honored for convincing the pequeninos to try feeding amaranth to their young, and Mandachuva was supposed to be honored for discovering that humans are not god-like.
Miro leaves, and his family grieves his loss. Ender remembers that his parents did not miss him like that when he left for Battle School, and he decides that the best revenge he can take for their neglect is loving his new family. Ender marries Novinha, but first he stays with the pequeninos for a week so he can learn their ways and write The Life of Human, which he reads aloud to both humans and pequeninos next to Rooter and Human. Novinha says that the book is why she called Ender to speak in the first place, although she imagined writing the book herself. Copies of the book are sent through the ansible, but it is swiftly discredited, and many struggle to accept the pequeninos as raman. Some, however, do begin to view the pequeninos as raman after reading Demosthenes’s “The Second Xenocide.” Accompanied by Novinha, Ela, Quim, and Olhado, Ender restores the hive queen in the location they selected. On the drive home, Ender weeps from the joy that the hive queen shares with him.
The final three chapters of Speaker for the Dead contain the climax and falling action, providing conclusions for the prominent themes and establishing the context for the third book in the series, Xenocide, while also resolving the current storyline.
As the Ribeiras work together and accept Ender into their family, their collective healing is evidence of The Need for Truth and Reconciliation. The removal of Novinha’s secrets is what brings the family closer together, allowing them to face their difficult memories and move forward.
The Lusitanians’ decision to defy Starways Congress raises the stakes of Authority and Rebellion. Before defying Congress, Ender confirms that the pequeninos are willing to accept the potential consequences of the rebellion. The humans make the decision to rebel to save Miro. Ender tells Miro, “You started this rebellion, Miro. The fence came down for you. Not for some great cause, but for you” (276). Through this statement, Card suggests that it is ethical to defy authority to save innocent lives. The idea also emerges that it is ethical to defy authority when that authority is abusing its power and behaving unethically.
This act of defiance against the authority of the Congress is necessitated by The Ethics of Cross-Cultural Empathy. The Starways Congress has for years displayed a lack of empathy for the pequeninos by forbidding the human xenologers from helping them or even interacting with them beyond minimal observation. This condescending attitude—treating the pequeninos as animals to be studied rather than members of a community—has led to the state of conflict that exists at the beginning of the novel. As that conflict becomes a crisis, the Starways Congress reveals its lack of empathy for the humans of Lusitania as well, sending the Little Doctor to destroy the planet. The treaty that allows the humans and the pequeninos to work together against the Starways Congress requires mutual understanding and trust. They agree that neither group can be forced to live by the other’s rules. Instead, both species will change just enough to avoid trampling the rights of the other. Although the species quickly form an agreement, interspecies relationships are portrayed as difficult and dynamic. They arrange a handful of terms in the treaty knowing that they will have to add more in the future as issues arise. This flexible framework recognizes that cooperation between species requires an ongoing commitment to listen and adapt.
The final chapters of the book develop the context for the next books in the series: Xenocide and Children of the Mind. Xenocide begins shortly before Miro and Valentine meet in space, and Children of the Mind depicts the arrival of the Lusitanian fleet. Although some elements of the story are left open-ended for the continuation of the series, the text also provides satisfying conclusions for the character arcs of multiple important characters. Jane and Miro lean on each other after they both experience traumas: Jane was traumatized and her relationship with Ender was damaged after Ender shut off his jewel, and Miro was traumatized and disabled when he crossed the fence. They are both outsiders, and they find solace in their budding intimacy. Novinha is able to shed much of the guilt and shame she has been carrying, which brings her closer to her family, and her younger children benefit from having a stable family unit. Ender moves into the next stage of his life, completing his character arc by stepping into fatherhood. These character conclusions emphasize the basic human need for love and connection, which runs strongly throughout the text.
By Orson Scott Card