43 pages • 1 hour read
Mark ShulmanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Eighth grader Tod Munn is writing in a journal as punishment for a mysterious behavioral incident. In this entry, Tod describes regularly bullying another student named Ricardo. Tod thinks that Ricardo is fat and stupid. He knocked Ricardo down, broke his glasses, but then helped him up. The chapter ends as the narrative cuts off midsentence.
The narrative jumps back to the previous week before the incident with Ricardo. Tod introduces himself to his reader, Mrs. Woodrow. She is the no-nonsense guidance counselor who is supervising his month-long after-school punishment and reading the journal. He reveals that he has accepted this punishment as an alternative to picking up trash like his friends who were also involved in the incident that led to this punishment. Mrs. Woodrow has instructed Tod to write about anything, and she leaves notes for him in the margins. Tod describes his hatred of his desk, his homework, and the classroom clock and blackboard until he meets his word count requirement.
The next day, Mrs. Woodrow has left an encouraging message for Tod in the journal, inviting him to reply to her marginal notes only in writing. Tod expresses his skepticism that he can be "fixed," as other interventions involving his mother and the guidance counselor have failed. According to Tod, he is the one responsible for keeping his troublemaking friends in line. Tod appreciates that this punishment keeps him from interacting with the school "sentries," the armed security guards on campus. He also likes that it keeps him from going home to an insufficient dinner, broken windows in the cold weather, and his mother's demanding husband. He claims that he doesn't know where he wants to be.
Tod claims that his friends think that he is being "brainwashed" into obedience during his after-school writing sessions. He acknowledges that meeting the word count every day is his ticket to freedom, so he describes in many words and metaphors how he feels about school and life. Some words he chooses are "lonely," "disadvantaged," and "incarceration" (10).
Mrs. Woodrow changes the minimum writing requirements from word count to page count. She asks Tod to talk about his friends, but Tod refuses at first. Instead, he starts writing about the unfair rules at school. Tod questions why school starts at a seemingly arbitrary time and why lunchtime is too early on some days. He then describes his weekend breakfasts of cheap cereal and his science class where he works with a blind student named Stuart. Tod claims that homework is easy for him, so he finishes it in study hall. Tod writes that, at lunch, he waits to eat last after playing cards with his friends, hoping to get a bigger serving. Tod eventually does describe his friends, Rex, Bernie, and Rob. Rex is unpredictable and moody. Bernie is poorer than Tod but positive and has known Tod the longest. Rob is middle class and outwardly friendly but also an outcast like the others.
Tod wasn't in detention the day before and claims that he doesn't care that he missed it. He was in the principal's office for beating up Ricardo. The principal, Mr. Carnegie, called Tod's mother, who was not happy to be taken away from her busy sewing job for the local dry cleaner. After Mr. Carnegie called Tod a "delinquent," Tod's mother angrily tore Tod's collar before their long bus ride home.
This entry reveals that Tod tore out the first entry of the novel (the first part of October 27th) and Mrs. Woodrow stapled it back in, which explains the non-chronological dates. She asks Tod not to rip any more pages out. The narrative continues where the earlier entry left off: Tod bullying Ricardo. Tod was then running late for his favorite class, English, with the easygoing Mr. Harmon. Tod likes reading the posters Mr. Harmon has next to his classroom door which contain famous quotes. Mr. Harmon collected the homework and began a discussion about the book Animal Farm. He called on Tod, who at first pretended not to know the answer. As Tod slowly began sharing his insights, a school officer barged into the classroom to collect Tod for breaking Ricardo's glasses. Tod imagines Mr. Harmon jumping in to defend him, but in reality, Tod was escorted silently out of the room.
Mrs. Woodrow thanks Tod for his cooperation and honesty. She asks about his home life. Tod writes that this morning he was annoyingly woken up early by Bernie who wanted to show him a Thai food menu with a dish named "Tod Mun Koong" (31). Tod returned Bernie's coat, which Bernie had asked Tod to have his mom sew. Tod secretly repaired the tear himself but lied and said that his mom did it. She has forcibly enrolled him in her sewing school. Tod helps his mother with mending, but she keeps his earnings. As the boys talked, Dick, Tod's stepfather, yelled at them to be quiet.
The novel begins with Tod introducing himself and telling the reader his story. He is sarcastic and hateful but also observant, strategic, and intelligent. He sees school as his prison and Mrs. Woodrow as his warden for the time being. Still, he’s aware enough of his situation to know that detention isn’t exactly like a prison: “I don’t know where I want to be today. Not here, but not anywhere else either” (9). Although he can’t articulate it clearly yet, he feels lost, caught between poverty at home and disdain for his classmates at school. He wants to escape both environments but doesn’t know where to go due to his limited means. Shulman hence draws attention to The Impact of Socioeconomic Status on Adolescent Behavior since Tod’s socioeconomic status has made him bitter. However, the deep feelings triggered by Tod’s circumstances also make him poetic. When Mrs. Woodrow reprimands him for writing “hell,” he responds with, “[h]ell isn’t a swear word. It’s a neighborhood. The Number 8 bus will take you there” (8). At surface level, this demonstrates his familiarity with public transportation and his low-income neighborhood, but it also highlights The Power of Self-Expression. Therefore, Tod’s introduction of himself foreshadows his experimentation with the use of language throughout his journal.
Tod also introduces the reader to how others view him or how he imagines that they view him. He uses others’ labels for him, calling himself a “thug” and a member of the “lowlife punks” of his school (17, 19). He therefore reaffirms the low opinion he has of himself. Conversely, this also allows him to embrace the negative stereotypes others have prescribed onto him, taking away some of their power and reasserting control. This shows just how vulnerable Tod is, though he refuses to admit any weakness. He obstinately refuses to be “fixed” because it’s easier to stay angry than it is to change. His repeated rejections of people’s attempts to help only prime the reader for The Potential for Redemption and Personal Growth as the novel progresses.
Additionally, the first few chapters establish the diaristic style and intimate tone of the novel. The entries are sometimes out of chronological order, creating a mystery that the reader must piece together, particularly regarding what Tod did to get himself in trouble. The disjointed plot, coupled with the random interjections by Mrs. Woodrow, reflect how Tod feels out of control and at the mercy of others in his own life. The first entry is notably incomplete, having been torn out of the notebook by Tod. This lends the story more realism and cements Tod’s role as the storyteller in control of the narrative. Only he can reveal the events that led to his punishment, and only he can continue the first entry where it leaves off. Therefore, Mrs. Woodrow becomes a proxy for the reader, as they are both forced to take Tod’s words at face-value. The diaristic style also highlights Tod’s journey as a proficient writer.
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