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74 pages 2 hours read

Julia Alvarez

Return to Sender

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2009

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Chapters 4-5Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 4 Summary: “Four|Cuatro: Late Fall (2005)”

Returning to Tyler’s perspective in a section called “Farm of Many Plots,” the chapter opens with Thanksgiving dinner at Grandma’s house, where Tyler’s family, including aunts, uncles, and cousins, gather to eat. The girls, Papá, Tío Armando, and Tío Felipe are there at Grandma’s invitation as well. On Tyler’s mind is “the Grandma problem,” a conflict he overheard in the last week. Aunt Jeanne thinks Grandma needs to live with one of her children, but Tyler knows Grandma does not want to leave her house. After dinner, Papá and the tíos go to milk the cows, but Tyler’s mom asks the Marías to stay. Mari overhears Uncle Larry telling the adults that Homeland Security is working harder to find and deport undocumented workers in the area: “I don’t put it beyond them to just come on our property and haul them off” (114).

When Grandma goes to check on the younger Marías and cousins, the adults gather to discuss what they should do about her. Tyler hears Aunt Jeanne talking about Grandma’s “voodoo altar” and car accidents, insisting she should no longer live alone. Leaving Grandma’s house, Tyler and Mari discuss possible hiding plans if la migra come for the Cruzes. Tyler invites the three sisters to view the stars through his telescope, and on the way into the house Mari hears the phone ring. Sara hangs up on the unspeaking caller, and Mari thinks it is Mamá trying to reach them. When she answers the next call, though, it is Sara’s ex-boyfriend. The sisters go home, upset and missing Mamá. Tyler does not understand how the girls’ mother’s fate is a mystery to them: “It’s clear the girls have no idea where their mom is. But how can you misplace your own mother, for heaven’s sake?” (120).

The chapter transitions to Mari’s first-person letter, which she writes to “Adorada Virgen de Guadalupe.” Mari writes to the Virgin of Guadalupe with “an urgent petition.” Tío Felipe went to a university party with Ben, but when police stopped Ben’s car for speeding, Tío Felipe panicked and ran. Papá tells the sisters to keep their suitcase packed and instructs Mari that if he and Tío Armando are picked up for deportation, she should ask the patrona to send them to his parents in Mexico. They spend the day hiding in the trailer. To their surprise, Grandma arrives to hide as well; her children told her that she would have to live with one of them or go to a nursing home, so she ran away. Through their window, the sisters watch Tyler’s parents and aunts and uncles looking for Grandma. Tyler’s mother brings the news that Tío Felipe was picked up by la migra in the next county. A friend comes to take Grandma for the night.

Papá instructs the girls to stay home from school the next day. Tyler’s family continues to search for Grandma. Aunt Jeanne and her husband Uncle Byron come to ask the Cruzes if they know anything about Grandma. Tío Armando indicates she is safe and extracts a promise from Jeanne to allow Grandma to stay in her own house. Jeanne says she will. Soon Grandma is back home. Mari asks the Virgin to “help deliver Tío Felipe out of prison, even if he has to go back to Mexico” (134). Then Mari realizes she has a second petition: It has been a whole year since Mamá left, and Mari asks for Mamá to return. Mari does not know where a dedicated statue of the Virgen de Guadalupe might be, but she plans to leave the letter under Mary’s robe in a Nativity display she saw along her school bus route, if the driver Mr. Rawson will allow her to “run up and say a real quick prayer while the town kids are getting off and crossing the street” (136).

The sisters visit Grandma, who expresses appreciation to the Cruzes for helping her to stay in her home. Mari tells Grandma to be grateful to the Virgin of Guadalupe instead, “who has a special place in her heart for mothers and grandmothers” (136).

Chapter 5 Summary: “Five|Cinco: Winter (2005-2006)”

In “Christmas Tears Farm” Tyler worries that his two weeks at home on holiday break from school will be miserable. Not only is it the first Christmas without Gramps, but Ben cannot drive his car and Sara cannot ride with her boyfriend due to new rules imposed by their parents. Tío Felipe is in prison, and the rest of the Cruzes are upset and fearful. The family Christmas tree lot is deemed too risky for sales because customers might notice the Cruzes and report them, so Grandma simply gives the trees to the church youth group to cut down for selling at the Christmas bazaar: “Afterward the field looks so forlorn, it reminds Tyler of a tree version of the French Revolution his class read about when lords and ladies got their heads cut off on a guillotine” (141). Everyone is sad that Tío Felipe is spending the holidays imprisoned and worried that he will have to serve a lengthy sentence in Vermont before deportation. Tyler’s mom arranges for a pro bono lawyer to defend Felipe and gets a visitation to see him. Mari points out that none of the Cruzes can visit him. Tyler has an excellent idea for the necessary translator: Mrs. Ramirez. Grandma fibs on the phone to Principal Stevens to get Mrs. Ramirez’s number; Mrs. Ramirez agrees. She, the lawyer, and Tyler’s mom plan to visit Felipe on Christmas Eve.

Tyler teaches Mari the winter constellations, including the Pleiades, six stars in a group with a “seventh sister” too dim to see without a telescope. He suggests there is a myth about that sister’s attempts to reunite with her siblings. Mari tells Tyler the truth about her mother and the length of time she has been missing. They discuss the chances of Mari’s mother surviving her dangerous journey, and Tyler compares Mari’s mother to the missing seventh sister of the Pleiades. This thought comforts Mari, and Tyler resolves to show Mari the seventh sister through the telescope.

Papá gives Tyler cash and shows him pictures from a store mailer of Christmas gifts for the girls. Tyler also finds some stationery he thinks Mari will like and a set of stick-on glow-in-the-dark stars. Finding gifts for the girls improves Tyler’s mood.

Tyler then convinces his mom to allow him to also visit Tío Felipe on Christmas Eve. Mari gives Tyler a letter she wrote for Tío Felipe, but when they arrive, Tyler sees that a glass barrier separates prisoners from visitors. He holds the letter up to the glass, one page at a time, so that Tío Felipe can read what Mari wrote. An emotional Tío Felipe expresses gratitude. Back home, Sara answers the ringing phone, and Tyler hears her respond in Spanish: “Un momento, por favor” (155). She excitedly tells Tyler to run and get the Cruzes; she believes the caller might be Mari’s mother.

After the point-of-view switch, seven letters from Mari follow. In the first, “Querido Tío Felipe” on December 24, Mari reassures Felipe that no one thinks his imprisonment is his fault, that Papá and Armando understand the need for “a little fiesta” (156) after such hard work, and that in fact they are grateful for the way Tío Felipe led authorities away from the family as he fled. Mari tells Tío Felipe that her big Christmas wish is his “safe and quick deliverance” (158), and that Ofie will ask Santa for this as well.

In subsequent letters headed “Querido Tío” on dates ranging between December 31 and February 4, Mari tells Tío Felipe that the caller they thought might be Mamá got disconnected before they reached the phone. She sends one of her stick-on stars to Felipe. She tells Felipe that they baked the baby from Ofie’s new dollhouse into the cake for the celebration of Three Kings Day on January 6. Mari gets the slice with the baby, so now she is to give a party on February 2, Candlemas Day, to celebrate the baptism of Jesus. Mari tells Felipe she will only have a party if he is free. One of Mari’s letters is accompanied by another letter from a girl Felipe met at the party he attended with Ben.

In her January 28 letter Mari shares that Felipe will serve no time after his criminal hearing and that his deportation hearing is the following week. She also mentions that a girl went to visit Felipe in the jail. Mari’s last letter in this chapter, dated February 4, explains that she did not have her party, that Tío Felipe will be deported the next week, and that Papá is attempting to remind Ofie of her Mexican heritage. He wants only Spanish spoken at home and forbids TV shows unless they are in Spanish. Mari tries to help by encouraging her sisters to speak Spanish and see that “America is the whole hemisphere, north and south. We are all-American!” (175). Ofie is resistant but complies. Later Papá allows weekend TV to be in English if they switch to Spanish channels for commercials. The girl interested in Felipe calls to offer to take items to family in Mexico when she travels to Chiapas on her spring break. The Cruzes ask her to take Felipe’s guitar, Wilmita.

Mari concludes her letters to Felipe by relaying that she asked Grandma if the groundhog saw its shadow. Grandma notes how Groundhog Day and Candlemas happen to align: “I’m afraid he did, dear. As they say, if Candlemas is bright and clear, there’ll be winters in the year. So we’ve got some more winter left” (177). However, Mari looks forward to someday seeing Tío Felipe again.

Chapters 4-5 Analysis

Conflict suddenly increases for both the Paquettes and the Cruzes throughout these two chapters. Even as Tyler worries over Grandma’s living situation on Thanksgiving Day, Uncle Larry’s warning foreshadows trouble with la migra for the Cruzes. The fears come true all around: Aunt Jeanne coerces agreement from her brothers and in-laws to give Grandma an unfair ultimatum regarding her home (choose a child with whom to live or acquiesce to living in a nursing home), and Tío Felipe is first pursued and then captured by the authorities when he runs from the police. Both of these sudden conflict follow a happy event. Grandma enjoys Thanksgiving surrounded by family in her home, evidenced by her choice to include the Cruzes in the meal and her request for everyone to share Thanksgiving blessings before they eat. However, her holiday quickly transitions to emotional upset and drama when she is told to leave her house. She hides and plots an escape that she feels will teach a lesson to her children. Her plot is effective in that Aunt Jeanne gives in and Grandma is back in her own home the next day.

Similarly, Tío Felipe attends a party and meets a young woman on a night of fun and relaxation away from work. Papá, Tío Armando, and the Paquettes all feel that Felipe deserves an evening of “fiesta,” but his fun ends in panic and fear. Unlike Grandma’s situation, Tío Felipe’s conflict does not resolve for many weeks, and it ends in removal from his current home as authorities imprison and later deport him.

Each situation’s impact on Tyler and Mari is juxtaposed as well; Tyler is grateful that Grandma is back at home for Christmas, but Mari repeatedly reflects in that nothing feels safe or homelike when her uncle is missing.

Ironically, Tyler is a passive witness to “the Grandma problem,” except for letting his parents know that “Grandma says she’s only leaving the home feetfirst” (111). Mari, on the other hand, actively makes a petition (asks for a special favor or blessing) through her letters to the Virgin of Guadalupe, a title for Mary, the mother of Jesus. This name for Mary references her supposed appearances in Guadalupe, Spain, in the 14th century and her repeated appearances to a converted peasant in the 1500s near what is now Mexico City. The image of Our Lady of Guadalupe appears commonly throughout Mexico in places of worship, and Pope John Paul II declared her the patroness of the Americas. Despite Mari’s petition, Tío Felipe spends a lonely holiday in prison and returns to Mexico without seeing the Cruzes. Mari is grateful for his safety, however, and looks forward to seeing him again someday. It is notable that Mari credits the Virgin of Guadalupe with ensuring Grandma’s positive outcome, as she has a “special place in her heart” (136) for grandmothers.

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