53 pages • 1 hour read
Hubert Selby Jr.A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Content Warning: This guide discusses explicit usage of illegal drugs, depictions of drug addiction, depictions of mental illness, depictions of violence (sexual, domestic, racial, and graphic), as well as stereotypes of racial and ethnic minorities. This guide references language from the text concerning race and addiction which may be considered offensive. This study guide quotes and obscures the author’s use of the n-word.
Harry Goldfarb is the main protagonist of Requiem for a Dream. Son of Sara and her deceased husband Seymour Goldfarb, Harry is a Jewish New Yorker in his early twenties. Harry and his best friend, Tyrone C. Love, live among the underbelly of the city, using and dealing heroin while dreaming of a better life. Harry has a strained relationship with his mother, frequently stealing her possessions—particularly her television set—to pawn for drugs; the local pawn broker has a small book that he uses solely for recording these incidents. Harry’s repeated stealing of her television is particularly hurtful to his mother considering her limited interests and passion for her favorite television shows. Deep down, Harry wants Sara to be happy, but he has difficulty expressing this desire. Harry connects with his friend Marion partway through the novel, and they start dating. Harry is motivated by his love for Marion and the dream they build together, though this diminishes as he and his friends experience addiction.
Harry’s story arc begins before he faces any substantial consequences for his actions. He steals Sara’s television with impunity and spends his days getting high with best friend Tyrone and his other friends. His relationship with Marion develops quickly; she becomes his chief motivation, spurring him to try to make something of himself to provide the kind of life she wants to live. His planning, however, is risky and unrealistic, ultimately leading to his and his friends’ downfall. Harry dreams of becoming big-time drug dealer, working his way up with Tyrone, selling cut heroin until they can buy a pound of pure heroin and use that to make enough money to quit dealing. However, Harry becomes addicted to his own supply, leading to a desperate situation when the heroin supply on the streets dries up. Harry is forced to compromise his dreams and his morals, tacitly pushing for Marion to use sex work to maintain their drug habit, and ultimately losing his arm to gangrene after it gets infected due to poor injection habits.
Marion is one of the protagonists of Requiem for a Dream. Unlike Harry and Tyrone, Marion comes from a middle-class background. Her family lives in Upstate New York, and they unknowingly support her lifestyle. Marion is a cultured, artistic young woman. She has traveled through Europe, and often tries to adopt European (especially Italian) sensibilities in her everyday life. Marion loves classical music and Jazz, especially Mahler and John Coltrane. Marion falls in love with Harry early on in the novel, and they quickly dream up a future together. Marion wants to emulate the European art scene she so admires, and she and Harry plan to open a café that will function as a community art space. This dream is eventually eclipsed by her drug addiction.
At the beginning of the novel, Marion lives as a free spirit, trying to emulate a bohemian lifestyle. From the outset, she has little qualms about sleeping with men to get what she wants; she does not consciously view it as sex work until she falls in love with Harry and is pushed to do it to maintain their drug supply. Marion has had several therapists, and she has an affair with her current therapist, Arnold, who is able to take her expensive dates and give her the taste of high society that she craves. On the inside, Marion has little sense of her own identity. Harry is the first person to make her feel like a human being rather than an object or just a pretty face. However, this sense of stability she derives from their relationship is gradually usurped by her heroin addiction. By the end of the novel, Marion cares more for the growing stash of heroin she collects as payment for sex work than she does for her dreams or her relationship with Harry. In this way, Marion represents the gradual degradation of one’s values and aspirations in response to addiction. While the novel does not approach sex work as inherently problematic, the author is clear that Marion doesn’t personally feel comfortable with the extent that she must engage in sex work to support her substance abuse disorder. This positions Marion as a character who undergoes traumatic sexual experiences in the course of the narrative, compromising her own self-worth and beliefs in order to score more heroin.
Tyrone, who likes to go by Tyrone C., is Harry’s best friend and one of the protagonists of Requiem for a Dream. Tyrone is a light-hearted Black man in his early twenties; he likes to joke around, often exchanging one-liners with Harry. Tyrone is Harry’s connection to the “Black part” of the Bronx and the New York heroin scene, and his contacts are the main source of the heroin the protagonists use and deal throughout the novel. Tyrone grew up with six other siblings, but he was sent to live with his aunt at a young age after his mother’s death. Tyrone has lived a tough life on the streets of New York and now longs for a life free of hassles.
Though many of their larger plans are Harry’s ideas, it is Tyrone’s connections to the Black drug scene in New York City that allow them to execute them. Tyrone’s supplier, Brody, is their main source for dynamite heroin that initially makes them a lot of money—until Brody is murdered. As a Black man, Tyrone is more vulnerable to profiling by the police and often thematically introduces The Complexity of Racial Dynamics; consequently, he is the first one arrested midway through the novel, and he is treated terribly by the racist Southern police when he and Harry are arrested on their way to Miami. Tyrone is a loyal friend to Harry, even attempting to intervene when the police harass Harry over his infected arm. By the end of the novel, Tyrone is sentenced to work in a Southern prison work gang, suffering from heroin withdrawals, with no escape except in his dreams of his deceased mother.
Harry’s mother, Sara Goldfarb, is one of the four protagonists of Requiem for a Dream. Sara’s sections of the novel are marked by her use of Yiddish slang as well as her tendency to hyper-fixate on things, such as television commercials, food, and her appliances, which she personifies and talks to. Like the others, Sara’s character arc is marked by addiction and the failure of her dreams. Sara defines her life by her ability to care for others. With her husband dead and her son absent, Sara is alone in the world with nobody to care for. Her television addiction is derived from her fundamental loneliness, providing her with a substitute for human company.
Sara has a strained relationship with her son, Harry. She is aware of Harry’s addiction, as he has repeatedly stolen her television in order to pawn it for drug money, despite the joy the television (and sometimes, only the television) brings her. Despite this, she prefers to think the best of her son, brushing off these encounters and this truth as passing moments that don’t define Harry. Later, when she is high on her diet pills, she treats her son in a joyful manner. Harry receives this behavior with suspicion, suggesting that she doesn’t often behave in a positive way because of her sadness.
When Lyell Russell of the McDick Corp. calls to invite her on an unspecified television program, it renews her will to live. The prospect of being a star fills her with hope; however, it also sets her on the course toward her eventual downward spiral. In an attempt to lose enough weight to fit into her beautiful red dress and gold shoes she wore for Harry’s bar mitzvah, she begins taking diet pills, leading her deep into amphetamine addiction. After she suffers a psychotic episode, she is institutionalized and subject to horrible conditions and abuse at the state psychiatric hospital. By the end of the novel, she undergoes shock therapy and is given antipsychotic medication, when all she really needs is medical treatment. She is committed to the state psychiatric hospital, where she spends her days medically sedated and unable to form a coherent thought or properly communicate. Contrasting her earlier fixation on her television appearance and dieting, her story ends with Sara completely disconnected from herself.