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34 pages 1 hour read

William Golding

Pincher Martin

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1956

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Chapters 10-14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 10 Summary

A shadow on the cave wall morphs into a hallucination of Mary, whom Martin characterizes as a chaste virgin with a “demoniac and musky attractiveness that was all the more terrible because she was almost unconscious of it” (131). Martin remembers her rejecting his sexual advances on a date and asking to be taken home. When he asks why she agreed to go on a date if she doesn’t want to have sex with him, Mary apologizes and says she doesn’t think of him that way. Still searching for an opening, Martin says with fake warmth, “You’ll be a sister to me, I know” (134), to which she curtly replies, “If you like” (134).

This infuriates Martin, who tells her to get in his car, which she does. He begins speeding and tells Mary that if she doesn’t agree to have sex with him, he’ll drive into a tree where the road forks, adding, “I’ll hit it with your side. You’ll be burst and bitched” (135). Martin then stops the car and rapes Mary.

In another flashback, Martin begs his producer Pete to help him avoid conscription into the armed forces, but Pete refuses. Later, while in bed with Pete’s wife Helen, Martin asks for her help in persuading her husband, but she refuses, citing the younger women like Mary whom he pursues.

Martin’s mind turns to a third memory, in which Nathaniel tells Martin of his engagement to Mary—and that he’s volunteering for the Navy to defend his country. When Nathaniel asks Martin to take care of Mary while he’s away, Martin says he too will be in the Navy.

Chapter 11 Summary

Martin clings to his “centre” as he feels an unwanted thought forming in his brain. He’s losing touch with his identity, as if “Christopher and Hadley and Martin were fragments far off” (146). Ultimately, Martin realizes that to preserve his sanity he must face the reality of his situation and, by extension, the unwanted thought: “I shall never get away from this rock” (146).

Suddenly, a desire to survive grips Martin anew. With heroic music by Tchaikovsky and Wagner playing in his head, he leaves the cave and takes his lifebelt to one of the saltwater pools. He fills the lifebelt with saltwater, inserts the tube into his anus, and sits on the bag, creating a makeshift enema. As the music in his head reaches its crescendo, Martin’s bowels finally empty.

When fleeting terror interrupts Martin’s feeling of victory over the rock, he says to himself, “It was something I remembered. I’d better not remember it again. Remember to forget” (153).

Chapter 12 Summary

Falling rain adds to Martin’s sense that he’s conquered the rock. However, the rain is heavy and accompanied by lightning, thunder, and wind, and he realizes that he’s in the middle of a hurricane. Martin hurries to Food Cliff to grab whatever mussels he can find before the storm becomes too intense. He looks up and sees the Dwarf, who thanks to the foil on its head now resembles “the old woman from the corner of the cellar” (160). Martin begins to playact as if the Dwarf is a scene partner. Meanwhile, dark engravings on a nearby rock terrify him because they look like the “black lightning” Nathaniel described as a sign of the “negation” that heaven brings with it.

Martin cries out, “I’m so alone! Christ! I’m so alone! [...] Because of what I did I am an outsider and alone” (164). His memories of the dark cellar mingle with those of Nathaniel explaining how heaven is “black lightning, destroying everything that we call life” (166). These memories morph into an image of Martin approaching Nathaniel on the deck of the Wildebeest with the intent to push him overboard; the only thing that stops Martin is the sight of the spray from an oncoming torpedo.

Back in the present, soaking wet, Martin says, “I wish I hadn’t kicked off my seaboots when I was in the water” (170). As the storm intensifies, he screams to the sky, begging for pity because he—a strong, handsome man who fought for his country—is now thin, weak, and stuck on a rock. He thinks once more of the cellar and himself as “a small child who must go down, down in his sleep to meet the thing he turned from when he was created” (173).

Chapter 13 Summary

As the trenches flood and the wind and rain batter his body, Martin seems to embrace his madness as inevitable. The wind scatters the stones of the Dwarf, which he now refers to as “the woman.” He screams, “She is loose on the rock. Now she is out of the cellar and in daylight. Hunt her down!” (176). Martin begins to stab at the scattered stones with his knife, yelling, “That’ll teach you to chase me out of the cellar through cars and beds and pubs, you at the back and me running, running after my identity disc all the days of my life!” (176).

Sitting on a rock beside him is a figure with indistinct features, which Martin acknowledges as a hallucination. It asks if Martin has had enough and is ready to give up. Martin screams, “I have a right to live if I can!”, to which the hallucination responds, “Where is that written?” (180). The hallucination asks what makes Martin so special that he survived while the other sailors died. Martin says he wanted to live more than the others.

As the black lightning slices up the sky, Martin yells, “I shit on your heaven!” (184). His “centre” tries, unsuccessfully, to protect the rock from two giant lobster claws. Before long, all that remains are Martin’s centre, the claws, and the black lightning—until the lightning obliterates everything “in a compassion that was timeless and without mercy” (185).

Chapter 14 Summary

A British officer named Davidson exits a small watercraft arriving on an island in the North Atlantic. On the shore, he meets a man named Mr. Campbell, who directs him to a lean-to where he can find the body of another British officer that washed ashore. Davidson takes a drink from his flask and enters the lean-to, exiting a few moments later with a small brown disc. He then directs his men to carry the body to their watercraft.

Mr. Campbell asks Davidson cryptically, “You know nothing of my—shall I say—official beliefs, Mr. Davidson; but living for all these days next to that poor derelict—Mr. Davidson. Would you say there was any—surviving? Or is that all? Like the lean-to?” (192). Unsure of Mr. Campbell’s meaning, Davidson replies that the sailor—whose name is Martin—did not suffer before he died, adding, “He didn’t even have time to kick off his seaboots” (192).

Chapters 10-14 Analysis

Here, the narrative reveals the full extent of Martin’s violence and treachery. No longer is he merely an adulterer. He is a rapist—and a murderer: Although he did not act on his misguided impulse to murder his friend Nathaniel, he likely would have done so had the U-boat not attacked the Wildebeest. Less serious but still dishonorable offenses include his repeated acts of adultery and his efforts to weaponize sexuality with one of these partners to avoid fighting in World War II. The narrative exposes the protagonist as a villain, completely upending readers’ sympathies by revealing that Martin’s indomitable will and ingenuity as a survivor are products of a misanthropic psyche that focuses only on itself. In exposing Martin’s crimes, Golding offers a meta-commentary on the survival genre itself, raising questions about why it’s proven so durable and appealing for centuries.

The author’s meta-commentary doesn’t end there, as he adds a twist that alters the novel’s meaning even more dramatically: Martin drowned moments after the torpedo attack. In an Afterword to the 2013 edition, English author Philippa Gregory writes that the conclusion calls into question the experience and utility of reading fiction: “In all novels the narrator persuades us of a reality and we volunteer to be drawn in. Golding exposes the complicit delusion of reading any novel when the Pincher Martin narrator, whom we have believed and trusted, turns out to have been dead all along” (194). Thus, the ending is more than a mere twist to elicit shock or generate respect for the author’s cleverness. Instead, the ending makes readers hyper-aware of storytelling conventions and biases that focus more on manipulating audiences than on the storyline.

Crucially, the final chapter in no way negates the importance of the preceding chapters, just because Martin’s survival adventure did not “happen.” The rock essentially becomes a dreamscape that animates his anxieties and fixations. The fact that he invented this elaborate internal world rather than accept death speaks volumes about his self-obsession and hyper-materialism. Further demonstrating his delusional arrogance, his fantasy casts him as the hero in a rollicking survival story. This attitude heightens to comical levels when Martin imagines bombastic theme music playing during his efforts to empty his bowels. No wonder Martin, a man driven by bodily appetites and desires, creates an arena where eating, drinking, and defecating are the chief driving concerns. This is true down to the last detail of the rock; for example, the resemblance of the smaller jagged rocks to his teeth reflects this bodily obsession. As Gregory points out, “[Martin’s] egoism is such that when he is trying to imagine his survival, he imagines his own body” (194).

Also noteworthy is how this fantasy crumbles. Whether Martin ever quite “realizes” that he died days ago in the water is ambiguous. Regardless, a more profound—and more terrifying—revelation accompanies the destruction of his delusion: Martin finally acknowledges the deep loneliness that dogged him his entire life. When thinking of Nathaniel, Martin cries out, “I’m so alone! Christ! [...] Because of what I did I am an outsider and alone” (164). Suddenly, being stranded on the rock feels more like punishment than a reward for his will to survive. In addition to the rock’s harsh conditions, Martin imagines another adversary: “the old woman from the corner of the cellar” (160). The narrative never clarifies whether this person was his mother, though many scholars, including Gregory, believe it was. More importantly, Gregory writes, “Golding tells us enough to suggest that the dangerous man was a damaged child” (195). Furthermore, Martin’s maternal trauma, whatever its form, clearly followed him throughout his life, as he screams to the stone figure he may see as his mother, “That’ll teach you to chase me out of the cellar […] all the days of my life” (177).

However, the black lightning eventually obliterates even Martin’s mother, along with Nathaniel and Mary. Martin’s ego, or “centre,” is too busy contending with his appetites (which giant lobster claws symbolize), to hold his identity together. The moment his illusion finally disintegrates, “[t]here was nothing but the centre and the claws” (184). Thus, the conclusion may reveal Martin’s fantasy—and arguably his entire life—as a battle between his ego and his id.

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By William Golding