logo

105 pages 3 hours read

Jodi Picoult

Nineteen Minutes

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2007

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Part One, Chapters 4-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part One

Chapter 4 Summary: “Twelve Years Before”

The narrative flashes back to Peter and Josie’s first day of kindergarten. Peter is excited to go to school, like his older brother Joey does, and cannot sleep. His mother buys him a superhero lunchbox, and when he boards the bus that he’s been wanting to ride for some time, he has a moment of doubt. Then he sees Josie, who asks him to sit with her. As he shows Josie his lunchbox, an older kid snatches his lunch and throws it out the window. Peter is devastated, and the bus driver merely yells at Peter to sit down. Josie says she’ll share her lunch with him. Peter is later chided by his mother for losing his lunchbox, yet again. He doesn’t want to say that he’s being picked on. His mother compares him to his older brother, though Peter feels that both his parents know with aching clarity that he is nothing like his brother.

While Alex is meeting with a client, she receives a call from Whit Hobart, her old boss when she worked at the New Hampshire public defender’s office. Whit is a mentor to Alex. He tells her that there are openings for judge positions coming up and that she would be a shoo-in for one of these positions. Alex doesn’t believe so, and though she doesn’t like her job as a defense attorney, she feels that being a judge, like her father had been, is out of the question. She tells Whit that she’ll at least think about the position.

While one of Alex’s past clients attempts to give her a thank you gift—a dead deer—she receives word that Josie is in trouble for fighting. Alex picks Josie up and learns that Josie was defending Peter. When Alex asks her why they didn’t get grownups to handle the issue, Josie tells her that the aides did nothing, and that the kids, including Drew, kept picking on Peter so she fought them. Alex uses her professional tone with Josie and tells her that, at times, people must choose the “rightest” thing instead of the “best” thing (71). In this case, the “rightest” thing is not to fight because it means breaking the rules. Once she cleans Josie up, Alex realizes that being a good judge is much like being a good mother. She then calls Whit and tells him she’s interested in applying for the judgeship.

Lacy is called into school to address Peter’s bullying. She’s told bluntly by the teacher that Peter needs to stand up for himself. Though Lacy becomes angry and defensive at this type of teaching/parenting, the teacher informs her that Peter’s reality is different than Lacy’s expectations. Peter tattling on his bullies only makes things worse, so to stop the bullying, he needs to fight back. Though she doesn’t agree with this method, Lacy tells Peter that she will punish him if he does not fight back by not allowing him to play with Josie. She hates being the punitive parent, but if her sternness might help Peter, she feels it’s worth a try.

Alex gets called in for an interview, an extremely rare feat. She’s nervous, as she must kowtow to community leaders. Eventually, however, Alex answers the questions truthfully. She tells the committee about solving puzzles with her daughter, and that she’s great at solving said problems within a given framework. Alex sees that Logan Rourke, Josie’s father and someone who wants nothing to do with her, is also interviewing, and she wants more than ever to get the job.

An episode with Peter getting new glasses is told. Peter is happy because he feels like a superhero with his glasses. When he gets to school, however, he is ridiculed. He then realizes that he is a punchline to everyone’s joke. Other instances of being bullied are mentioned throughout the flashback as well. Later, at a parent/teacher conference, Alex reveals her belief that everything people learn is taught in kindergarten. Then Josie and Peter show their mothers a game they play where they pretend to be husband and wife.

Alex is nominated for the judicial position, and she must face a court hearing to guarantee her competency. In the hearing, she says that she is pro-firearms even though she personally doesn’t care for them. This recall segues to a day when Alex stops by Lacy’s to pick Josie up. The two mothers can’t find Josie or Peter. When they go down into the basement, they are both horrified to see Josie holding a rifle. Peter has opened his father’s locked gun cabinet and given Josie a gun to view. Alex is both terrified and angry with Lacy, Peter and Josie, and suggests that their children shouldn’t spend time together anymore. Lacy agrees, especially as she feels the rebuke from Alex towards both her and Peter.

An episode is recalled where Josie has a tantrum in the grocery store. Alex, now a judge, must ensure that she looks like a judge both inside and outside the courtroom. She sees countless eyes watching how she handles her child. Alex eventually gets Josie to realize that she can’t act like a spoiled child in public. Alex’s first day in court is also mentioned. Though Alex is nervous, she realizes that everyone treats her like royalty, being a judge. She then wonders if anyone will ever call her Alex again or want to speak to her like a normal human being. She goes outside and meets the groundskeeper, named Liz. Liz is the first person in the entire court to speak to her without using “your honor,” which makes Alex happy.

Peter is sullen over not being able to play with Josie. One night, he hears his father downstairs and finds him cleaning guns. Instead of punishing Peter for opening the cabinet and showing Josie a gun, Lewis shows Peter how to clean and handle guns. He figures this will be better than Peter sneaking around. Lewis tells Peter that a gun is nothing in and of itself. Its power comes from the person wielding it.

A journal entry at the end talks about fate. The writer mentions how people will say that those who died at the school were in the wrong place at the wrong time. The writer mentions that, though alive, he or she was also in the wrong place at the wrong time.

Chapter 5 Summary: “The Day After”

As Peter sits in jail, he thinks back to a beta fish he had named Wolverine. He’s then told he has a visitor (his attorney, Jordan McAfee) and, on leaving his cell, remembers that he tried to “liberate” his fish by flushing him down the toilet. Joey had pointed out that Peter had killed his fish, not liberated it, as the fish was now in the sewers. Peter likens himself to his fish.In the conference room, Peter remains quiet as Jordan introduces himself. Though Jordan thought it would be easy to establish himself as the authority, he’s shocked to see a frail kid like Peter not react to anything he says. Upon leaving, however, Peter asks him, “how many did I get?” (99).

Lewis rushes home as the officers conduct a search of their house. He and Lacy must wait outside, and they move to the backyard when they see neighbors watching them. They struggle with blame and guilt. Lewis, a professor and expert on happiness, didn’t previously know what feeling hopeless was like but he now does. They go through reasons for what has happened, but Lewis tries to keep Lacy calm. When an officer asks Lewis to accompany him to his basement, Lewis guesses what will come next. Sure enough, some of his guns are missing from the gun cabinet.

A doctor, Ervin Peabody, tells the media that there’s a general way to identify a troubled person like Peter. He knows he isn’t telling the exact truth, but he also knows that Sterling, and the rest of the country, is grieving and wants some sort of solace.

Josie is distraught over Matt’s death, yet she cannot remember all the details. She finds out bits of information by listening to the nurses when they think she’s asleep. She finds out who’s been injured, though it’s harder to find out who has been killed. Everything she thinks of, however, reminds her of Matt. Her mother picks her up and the nurses all say goodbye to her. On leaving, Haley Weaver calls to her from her room. Haley has been shot in the head and looks nothing like the beautiful, enviable person she was before. When asked, Josie lies to Haley by saying that she looks fine.

Alex makes a mental note of the concerns she might face from others about trying the case. She concludes, as before, that as Josie is not friends with Peter anymore, and as Josie was not directly injured in the shooting, she can sit on the case. She tries to bond with Josie andconvince her not to go to Peter’s arraignment, and again realizes that she does not have a motherly rapport with her daughter.

Patrick visits a technician for ballistics results on the guns and bullets. The tech, Selma, tells Patrick that there were two primary guns, Gun A and Gun B. Gun A was fired the most, but for some reason Gun B was also used. They mull over the fact that Matt was shot twice. One shot in the head and one that went clear through his stomach. Both wonder which gun was used to shoot him in the stomach. They won’t know for certain until Patrick can get Selma the slug that went through Matt’s stomach.

At the arraignment, Peter is made to wear a bullet-proof vest. Jordan waives the reading of the charges, and after testimony from a witness, Peter is arraigned on ten counts of first-degree murder and nineteen counts of attempted first-degree murder. Diana Leven and Jordan McAfee, the prosecution and defense, respectively, then speak to the media about the case. Diana realizes that Jordan does not have a case for Peter, given the way he panders to the press.

Josie takes the pills she’d been hoarding and, instead of committing suicide, flushes them down the toilet. With the shooting, Josie realizes that death is not an answer but a question. She had been immature to think she could solve everything by dying. She gets rid of the pills and, when she begins crying, Alex comes in to comfort her. At the same time, Yvette Harvey, mother of Kaitlyn Harvey, talks about Kaitlyn’s life and death to the producer of The Oprah Winfrey Show.

Sterling holds funerals for the ten victims. At Matt’s funeral, people talk about what a great person he was, and his father gets up and speaks. Suddenly, Josie stands and begins walking toward the podium, though her mother tries to stop her. Josie does not know what she’s doing, and when she reaches Matt’s father, he gives her the podium to say something about Matt. Josie knows that everyone is expecting her to say something nice. She’s not sure what she should say, and she eventually begins crying. Her mother holds her and tells her that everyone knows she loved Matt. Josie allows her mom to think this, though she doesn’t agree with the sentiment.

Peter has a conversation with a fellow inmate that causes him to wonder if all inmates think they are innocent of their crimes. He believes he had no choice, that he killed his classmates for a good cause.

Patrick visits Alex and Josie to get more information from Josie. She still can’t remember, but he needs her to try as they need to know about Peter killing Matt and she is the only witness. Though Josie wants her mother to stay, Alex cannot hear anything and remain impartial. She wants to be the mother that Josie needs but cannot be bothmother and judge. Patrick asks Josie about Peter and the bullying, and Josie reveals that Peter did not want to fit in and didn’t try. She says that she used to know Peter from the two working together, but never mentions that they used to be friends.

Lacy visits Peter in jail and is shocked at his demeanor. She realizes that he is not the son she thought she knew. Peter is rude to her; he calls her on the obvious: she isn’t really looking at him, as if scared. Lacy decides to love whatever part of Peter’s humanity is left. Elsewhere, Patrick goes over the video footage of Peter killing kids in the cafeteria. In the footage, Peter takes the headphones from a dead kid and pours himself cereal and eats it. It’s one of the most chilling things Patrick has seen, and even though his best friend Nina calls to console him, Patrick knows that he mustunderstand Peter’s reasoning behind the killings to help him sleep at night and get past this event.

Lewis attempts to return to work as if nothing has happened. He feels his best at work, figuring things out. The head of the econ department arrives and gives his condolences, and then asks Lewis about taking time off. Lewis dismisses the idea, but then realizes that his boss is not suggesting this, he is telling Lewis to leave campus. Back at the police station, Patrick finds out from the tech squad that Peter wrote a program to break through the school’s firewall, so that at 9:58 on every computer at school, it read, “Ready or not…here I come (132).”

Jordan attempts to talk with Peter again. Initially, it doesn’t go well. When Jordan gets angry and prepares to leave, however, Peter tells him how upset he is that everyone is so sad about the dead when they were the bullies. Peter, Jordan notes, sees himself not as a murderer but as a victim. Peter then explains past instances of being bullied, including a mass email that was sent around school. When Jordan presses, him, he says he doesn’t want to talk about the email. Peter asks about Jordan’s children, and Jordan wonders at the fine line between fitting in and becoming adjusted, and not fitting in and then turning to the extreme, as Peter has done.

Another journal entry talks about not fitting in. The writer says that when a person does not fit in they become superhuman. They might know what normal is but normal is something that’s so far removed from them they do not remember how it feels.

Chapter 6 Summary: “Six Years Before”

The narrative flashes back to the first day of sixth grade. Peter is mortified because his mother has bought him a Superman binder and he will be viewed as uncool with it. Josie helps by getting tape and paper from a custodian and taping the binder up.Unfortunately, Drew Girard pushes him at lunch and he spills his milk on the binder, thus revealing the Superman cover when the soggy paper dissolves. When Drew is forced to get Peter more milk by a teacher, Josie trips Drew and he falls on his face. Everyone laughs, and the narrative notes how the social ladder works in this way. People are at the bottom until they can find someone else to take their place.

Alex tries a case where she ruminates over the fact that she can’t give people in court what they really need. For the defense, she can’t give them rehabilitation but must give them punishment. For the victims, she cannot say sorry. She looks at the girl she’s sitting on a case for and wonders what it would be like to be a girl this young—Josie’s age—and caught in a legal system you don’t understand.

The narrative recalls September 11, 2001. Josie and Peter are at school and their teacher begins crying. The students are shepherded into a room and the TV is turned on so that they can watch. Josie is horrified at the sight of people jumping to their deaths. Both Alex and Lacy arrive to pick up their kids. Lacy is shocked that they’re letting kids watch the news, while Alex thinks they are old enough to understand. Alex is taken aback by Josie’s fear, and she also notes how tall Peter has grown. Alex admits that she would much rather be a good mother than a judge, and vows to do so from this moment forward. In time, however, Alex’s routine returns, and she is once again the judge who places work over her daughter. Her good intentions disappear with her dedication to work.

Peter experiences more bullying. He’s in soccer, and he waits until the end to shower so that no one sees him. One day, however, everyone must shower together. Peter has his glasses off, and his blurred vision moves toward Drew and Matt, who are both showering. Matt accuses Peter of looking at his penis. Peter is mortified; he wonders if he is gay. He then tries to rectify the situation by saying that he didn’t see anything, not understanding that this can be construed as a joke at Matt’s expense. Drew mentions that Matt must have a small penis, and Matt attacks Peter. Peter corrects his statement by saying he’s not wearing his glasses and he can’t see anything. Later, Matt breaks Peter’s glasses.

Josie and Alex go out to dinner for Josie’s birthday, though Josie hates it. Alex must act like a judge, and she is treated like royalty. When a waiter brings her caviar—on the house—Josie is appalled that her mother accepts when she doesn’t even like caviar. She accuses her mother of acting fake, andAlex says she must keep up appearances. Josie thinks about herself and Peter. Neither are popular, and she feels she would never pretend just so that she could be thought of as cool by others.

Peter makes an acquaintance named Derek on his soccer team. They’re the worst players on the team and so spend their time on the bench. Peter likes Derek as he tells jokes all the time, but Peter’s also afraid that he might like Derek as more than a friend. He doesn’t want to ruin a potential friendship in this way. He’s then mortified when he sees his mother arrive. She marches straight to the coach and demands that Peter be allowed to play in games. The entire team watches as Peter’s mom sticks up for him and argues with the coach. Peter is then made fun of by everyone, adding to his unpopularity.

Josie goes to Courtney Ignatio’s house for a homework assignment. She doesn’t like Courtney because she is a popular girl. Josie is amazed by her room, however, and when Courtney leaves momentarily, Josie tries on some of her makeup. Courtney returns and tells Josie she looks good in makeup.

Peter finally goes hunting with his father and is elated to be doing something that Joey can’t do. Joey is the golden child but gets sick at the sight of blood. Peter wants to make his father proud and to feel important, but when it comes time to kill a large deer, he misses on purpose. He doesn’t want to kill anything. His father, however, kills the deer. He knows Peter missed on purpose but appeases him by saying that Peter will have better luck next time.

One day, Peter sees a girl named Dolores get her period in class. Peter points it out to everyone and brings embarrassment to Dolores. For the first time, Peter feels like part of the in-crowd. Even his tormentors like Matt treat him like he’s one of the group. Matt has him recite what he saw and did to his other friends. Josie also joins in on the taunting. When Dolores returns, the kids plan a trick. They march up to Dolores, one by one, and drop a tampon on her. Though Peter is thrilled at no longer being on the bottom of the social pole, when it’s his turn, he sees Dolores’s face and cannot go through with it. He is then ridiculed by Matt, thus returning to the bottom of the social latter. Peter begs Josie not to go through with it either, but she walks up and drops the tampon on Dolores anyway. Peter confronts Josie after school, and she says that she can’t hang out with him anymore. She wants to be a part of the cool kids, which means she cannot be seen with Peter.

A journal entry ends the chapter. The writer talks about self-hate, about how one will always wonder why people hate. Then one day, the writer stares into a mirror and realizes that he or she hates what they see as well.

Chapters 4-6 Analysis

Chapter Four delves into Peter’s backstory. It unpacks the earliest moments of bullying and abuse that Peter has known. By revealing Peter’s first day of kindergarten and the bullying he experienced, the narrative highlights how Peter’s decision to enact a mass shooting may be rooted in deep-seated anger. This tragic act might not have been a random act, or even a calculated act that he’d planned for some time. Peter’s decision to become a killer may have started with the bullying that he’s dealt with since day one of school. The flashback also highlights that Peter did not get the help he should have received with his bullying problems. Both his mother and the school administrators, two pillars of support, did not address the situation favorably. His school shrugged the bullying off as playground frivolity, while his mother was instructed to toughen Peter up. These views on bullying both backfired, causing Peter to turn inward. Later, when Alex finds Josie playing with a gun that Peter has shown her, she ends their friendship. This is the first break in Peter’s relationship with Josie, who is his other pillar of support. It’s also a foreshadowing of Peter’s involvement with guns.

Peter also relied entirely on Josie, meaning that all his hope was on another person, who, if she didn’t remain by his side, would leave him with no one else to count on. Chapter Six highlights how Josie begins to like looking different. The lipstick incident with Courtney highlights her entrance into a different world. This will be another break in Josie and Peter’s friendship. Peter tries to enter this world, and he is successful, briefly, when he makes fun of Dolores for getting her period in class. Peter, however, cannot go through with taunting someone else and so slides back down the popularity pole. Josie, however, taunts Dolores. She is now seen as cool by her peers. When Peter confronts her, she tells him that she can no longer be seen by him, thus breaking their relationship fully. Peter now has no one to turn to.

The flashbacks also contrast Peter and Lacy’s relationship with Josie and Alex’s. Alex pushes herself even further by applying to be a judge. She gets the appointment and must now keep up appearances. Josie dislikes this and thinks her mom is acting fake. One of the reasons that Josie likes Courtney’s room so much is that it’s so different from hers. Josie’s acceptance of Courtney’s world is a sign that she’s looking to fit in and find a place in life. It also indicates that she doesn’t have support at home and is recreating a home life.

In the present timeline, the town of Sterling attempts to move forward. Most cannot, however, and as the town reels, both the prosecution and defense work hard for the trial to come. Jordan wants to humanize Peter, yet has a hard time connecting to his client. Others, like Peter’s parents, deal with the fallout of his actions. Patrick, too, is unable to understand Peter’s reasoning behind his mass shooting. The chapters highlight how people can seem so normal or familiar to others yet be a completely different individual. As the journal entry that closes Chapter Five indicates, all people want to do is fit in. This means that people look the other way in favor of wanting to fit in, I order to be like everyone else. No one realized that a problem was brewing in their midst because they were too busy fitting in and protecting themselves.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text