34 pages • 1 hour read
Jacqueline WoodsonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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One of the internal struggles shared by all three of the Bailey brothers is reckoning with the death of their mother. The impact of her death is confounded by its unexpected nature and made worse because it follows the death of the boys’ father. Flashback scenes depicting Milagros interacting with her sons convey the closeness of her bond to each of the boys. Lafayette, as the narrator and main character, grieves for her the hardest. This is largely due to his discovering her body after she passed away. Lafayette continuously dwells on the fact that he had gone to his mother to request she make him breakfast—he cannot separate this request, and his need for her to help him, with the guilt he feels as he mourns his mother. Lafayette is later able to work with a psychologist, Dr. Vernon, who ultimately helps Lafayette through the grieving process. Initially, Lafayette is reluctant to speak or to share any of the things that he is feeling. He notes, however, how good he feels when Dr. Vernon touches him softly and speaks kindly to him. This suggests that even though Dr. Vernon cannot bring his mother back, nor remove the sense of guilt Lafayette feels, having someone acknowledge his pain and sadness helps to alleviate it.
Ty’ree, on the other hand, tries to keep his grief and pain a secret. Lafayette has learned from Ty’ree that certain topics are off-limits in their house—speaking of their mother’s death feels taboo to Lafayette because of the way Ty’ree pretends that he is unbothered by the event. However, Lafayette notes the way that Ty’ree expresses his grief quietly and indirectly, mourning the life he once had by flipping through the pages of his high school yearbook. At times, Lafayette hears him crying quietly when Ty’ree is alone in his bedroom.
Charlie’s grief manifests itself in meanness and anger. Charlie initially funnels his emotions into blaming Lafayette for their mother’s death, insisting Lafayette should have been able to do something to save her. As the novel closes, however, Charlie admits that he is saddened because the final encounter he had with their mother was a negative one, as he was wearing handcuffs and being shuttled off to the detention facility. Charlie is upset that this likely saddened and harmed their mother, and his grief is bound up with regret for his past behavior. For Charlie, grieving involves righting his own actions and recognizing that his mother loved him unconditionally.
By the novel’s end, the brothers have taken steps to reconnect with one another, sharing stories of their deceased mother to keep her close, to keep her alive through memories, and to lean on the love and support of one another.
Much of the novel’s conflict focuses on the guilt that characters feel regarding the death of other characters. This theme is immediately established in the opening chapter when Charlie calls Lafayette a “Milagros killer” (15). As the novel unfolds, it becomes clear that he holds himself responsible for her death. Lafayette dwells on the moment of discovering his mother unresponsive. In his sadness, and the shock of the unexpected nature of her death, he is convinced that he should have been able to do something to save her. That Lafayette discovered her, coupled with the fact that he sought her out to request she make his breakfast, creates a kind of logic in Lafayette’s mind whereby he caused his mother’s death. Charlie’s insistence that this is indeed true only makes Lafayette further mired in his guilt. As the novel unfolds, Ty’ree insists that Charlie’s accusation is misplaced and that Charlie’s blaming of Lafayette stems from his own guilt for not being present when their mother died. Charlie later confesses that this is indeed true. His guilt manifests itself as anger toward Lafayette. Charlie is familiar with feelings of self-blame because of the incident in which he was unable to save a dying dog. Although the veterinarian insisted that Charlie, in caring for the dog, took all the correct actions, Charlie cannot be unconvinced that he should have been able to save the dog.
Ty’ree, too, experiences similar feelings of self-blame concerning the death of the boys’ father. When he shares with Lafayette that he was present when his father saved the woman and dog from the lake, Ty’ree suggests that, had he not asked his father to save the dog, their father might not have attempted to do so. That Ty’ree has withheld from Lafayette the fact that he was present that day suggests Ty’ree has not wanted Lafayette to believe that perhaps Ty’ree could have stopped their father. Ty’ree recalls being worried about the dog’s survival—even asking their father later for information on the dog’s status—instead of being worried about his father. Like Lafayette, in his grief and sadness, he falls into a strange form of logic whereby caring about the dog led directly to his father’s death. In all of these instances, self-blame is a part of the grieving process and something that each brother must overcome in order to accept that nothing could have been done to change the outcome of both parents’ lives.
The importance of family to the Baileys is introduced in the opening chapter when Lafayette notes that Charlie speaks to his friend Aaron as if Aaron is his brother rather than Lafayette. This immediately establishes the importance of family ties, suggesting that the bond between brothers is a unique and significant one that cannot be replicated by friends. Lafayette longs for the closeness he once enjoyed with Charlie, finding that his brother has changed. The meanness of Charlie is uncharacteristic of the interaction Lafayette was accustomed to. Much of the novel’s conflict, then, focuses on the division between the two brothers. This division, according to Charlie, stems from Charlie’s assertion that Lafayette was responsible for the death of their mother. The anger and frustration Charlie feels underscores the importance of their mother to him, demonstrating how significant the loss of their mother is for him. Lafayette, too, suffers greatly from her death. Indeed, his bond to his mother is so strong that he pretends she is still present, speaking with her and imagining himself interacting with her.
Ty’ree Bailey is central to manifesting this theme. He asserts that Lafayette should not live permanently with their great-aunt Cecile. Though Aunt Cecile is well-intended in wanting to care for Lafayette (and Charlie, upon his release from Rahway), it is important to the brothers that they remain together in their home. For this reason, Ty’ree opts to change his plan to attend MIT and instead take a job in the city so that he can serve as the boys’ guardian. He impresses upon Lafayette that their remaining out of trouble is essential for maintaining this arrangement. If either boy gets into any sort of trouble, Ty’ree will be deemed unable to care for them. In this way, the actions of the brothers impact one another, and each are responsible for keeping the family bond intact.
This bond is, importantly, an emotional one, as Ty’ree provides support for Lafayette in other ways. Though Lafayette is frustrated by some aspects of the family’s circumstances, particularly finances, Ty’ree reminds him that they are not permanent. He urges Lafayette to keep in mind the mantra of “brother to brother” (70), which is the boys’ special version of saying that they love one another. This phrase reminds Lafayette that the bond between the three brothers is strong and permanent.
By Jacqueline Woodson
African American Literature
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Brothers & Sisters
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Class
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Class
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Coming-of-Age Journeys
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Community
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Family
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Forgiveness
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Grief
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Guilt
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Loyalty & Betrayal
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Mortality & Death
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The Past
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