73 pages • 2 hours read
Richard WagameseA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Eldon is surprised when Frank cleans up their camp and returns natural materials, like saplings, to their original place. Frank explains that he leaves the earth as he finds it. When they camp again, Frank finds berries and mushrooms to make a paste for Eldon to eat. Frank talks about a special place where there are painted rocks, and he offers to take Eldon there: “Everyone should see something like this” (68), he tells Eldon. The symbols and images on the rocks are 20 feet tall, and Eldon and Frank “studied them without speaking for a long time” (68). Eldon asks what they signify, and Frank says they are probably stories about “travelling” or about “what someone seen in their life” (69). When Eldon says it doesn’t help not to know what they mean, Frank responds that “you gotta let a mystery be a mystery for it to give you anything” (69). Frank asks, “You ever learn any Indian stuff?” (69), and Eldon responds that “most of the time I was just tryin’ to survive” (69). Frank confesses that he wanted to come to see the painted rocks because he is having a hard time coming to terms with having to watch Eldon die: “I can’t reckon someone dyin’ […] Scares me some to think of it” (70).
Frank and Eldon find a cabin. An Indigenous woman named Becka Charlie welcomes them and gives them hot tea to drink and hot stew to eat. She tells Frank to stand up to Eldon when he demands alcohol. Becka is a traditionalist, and she leaves leftover food out for the spirits of the land. She guesses that Eldon wants to die the old warrior way, which she characterizes as giving “yourself back to the land” (79). She has no sympathy for Eldon and characterizes him as a “sorry sumbuck” (79) who isn’t “schooled in traditional ways” (79). Eldon wants to pay Becka back for her hospitality with a story he’s been holding in for a long time.
Eldon tells Frank and Becka the story of Eldon’s early life. Eldon’s father leaves to fight in World War II, and for Eldon, his father’s sudden absence is jarring, “like a tooth that falls out” (81). Eldon begins to associate his father with envelopes, as the only contact Eldon has with his father is through a series of letters from distant places. Eldon works hard in the fields to support his mother, but she suffers because of the absence of her husband. Eventually, they hear that Eldon’s father has died in the war. Eldon now works harder “like a grown man” (83). Eldon becomes friends with Jimmy Weaseltail, a half Indian like himself. They work well together and become fast friends: “What’s fired together is wired together” (86), Jimmy says of the two of them. They are “forged by steel” but “screwed by circumstance” (86). Eventually in 1948, they get jobs at a logging camp. Jimmy and Eldon become good boomers, who work the flotillas of logs downriver. Lester Jenks, the supervisor, befriends them to get closer to Eldon’s mother. Jenks turns out to be an abuser of women, and he beats Eldon’s mother. Finally, Eldon and Jimmy confront Jenks and beat him unconscious. Eldon’s mother tells Eldon and Jimmy to leave or they will get in trouble. This wounds Eldon because he feels that his mother has chosen Jenks over Eldon.
Frank is shocked that Eldon never went back to find out what happened to his own mother. Eldon once again makes excuses: “Hurt is all” (100), Eldon says to account for his failure. It hurt Eldon when his mother chose Jenks over him, but Frank asks if she really had a choice. Eldon explains that he himself had no choice because “them were tough years” (100): “I never got to be no kid neither” (100), Eldon says, comparing himself to Frank. Frank finally realizes that Eldon fled from the crime against Jenks because Eldon did not want Jimmy to go to jail; Jimmy was like family to Eldon. When Eldon is asleep, Frank and Becka talk about him: “So far it’s all stories,” Frank says (101). Becka replies, “It’s all we are in the end. Our stories” (101). As they leave, Becka gifts Frank some bottles of homemade medicine for Eldon.
Up until now, the prime sources of misery for Indigenous men like Eldon are alcohol and economic exploitation. In these chapters, the author turns the focus to sexual exploitation, which is a common dynamic between people with little power (e.g., economically disadvantaged Indigenous people) and those with more power (e.g., whites, who are comparatively better off financially). The theme of responsibility continues as well, as the author balances, on the one hand, an account of the way whites have harmed Indians with, on the other, an argument in favor of standing up, as Frank does, for one’s traditions, principles, and values. Eldon has failed to stand up, and Frank reminds Eldon that he had a choice: Eldon could have gone back to save his mother from an abusive relationship with a white man, but he did not. Eldon offers excuses instead, which make Frank impatient. However, Frank is beginning to see Eldon more accurately. Becka, a traditional “donor,” gifts Frank the medicine that will allow Eldon to pass painlessly out of life. Becka also represents a kind of traditional knowledge that comes from intuition and insight rather than from books or schools. Like a visionary, she sees the purpose of Frank and Eldon’s journey into the wilderness. In a way, she is a traditional medicine woman, and with this character, the author reminds us that the two protagonists are on a journey into Ojibway culture as well as into the wilderness.
By Richard Wagamese