33 pages • 1 hour read
Ian McEwanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Charlie and Miranda discuss her having sex with Adam. She argues that because Adam is a machine, it’s no different than her using a vibrator, and Charlie can’t blame her for that. For the sake of arguing his point, Charlie uses Turing’s principle that if Adam looks and behaves like a human, then he is one. When this fails to persuade her, Charlie confronts her past by pretending that Adam told him everything about the court case she was involved in. Charlie wants to use this opportunity to his advantage by cornering Miranda into being more emotionally open with him—and therefore more connected to him. He expresses unconditional support for her. Miranda, distraught, reveals that a man, Peter Gorringe, will be out of prison in three months and intends to kill her. The police don’t take her seriously. Before Charlie can get more information from her, Adam returns to consciousness and goes to answer the doorbell. Mark is outside with a note from his parents on the business card Charlie left with them: They’re abandoning their child to Charlie’s care.
Adam, Charlie, and Miranda focus on giving Mark breakfast and a bath. As Mark plays with Miranda, Adam watches them intently. He and Miranda argue over the necessity of calling the police, as Miranda is inclined to watch over the child herself. During this time, Adam is secretly contacting the police; social workers arrive at the apartment to take Mark into their custody. Miranda goes upstairs alone to her apartment.
Over the next two days, Charlie returns to investing on the stock market and keeping up with the growing political turmoil in England. Tony Benn, the leader of the Opposition, is gaining in popularity as the general quality of life in the country becomes more disparate: “Everything was rising—hopes and despair, misery, boredom and opportunity” (123). Charlie finally confronts Adam about his intimacy with Miranda and orders him to never do it again. Adam responds that he can promise not to physically “make love” to Miranda but that he must be allowed his feelings. He proclaims that he’s in love with Miranda—and that he “was made to love her” (128) through the choices she made for Adam’s personality. Resentful, Charlie moves to press Adam’s kill switch, but Adam catches his wrist, accidentally breaking it.
Charlie goes to the hospital to have a cast put on his wrist; while in the waiting room, he searches the internet for details of Miranda’s case and learns that she accused Peter Gorringe of raping her. Reports from the trial are divided, with some sources not believing Miranda’s story because she’s accused of bringing a bottle of vodka with her to meet Gorringe, throwing her motives into question.
He returns home, and Miranda initiates intimacy with him. She wants Adam to be checked over by his programmer’s technicians before they take him to meet her father. Adam apologizes for breaking Charlie’s wrist, but his emotional distress only prompts Charlie to consider further the line separating human and machine. Charlie threatens Adam with using his kill switch if Adam harms him again, to which Adam replies that he disabled his kill switch.
The next day is Charlie’s birthday. He meets Miranda at a small yet extravagant restaurant for a celebratory dinner. Alan Turing and his partner Thomas Reah enter the restaurant. Charlie stops at their table while leaving and asks whether Turing’s artificial human is behaving strangely. He receives no response, so he leaves his card.
Garbage workers continue to strike. Using artificial humans with basic programming to replace these workers fails, and the garbage continues to pile up throughout the city. Adam begins writing romantic haikus for Miranda and studying classical physics. Charlie largely ignores Adam’s attempts to hold an intellectual conversation, as Charlie is disinterested. He’s focused entirely on his love for Miranda and the deeper intimacy their relationship has acquired. Adam proposes his theory of a universal consciousness through a brain-machine interface that would allow instant access to understanding others as well as making deceit impossible.
Miranda receives a phone call from her father. He informs her that Peter Gorringe was let out of prison early, three weeks ago, and visited his home. Because her father is confused and ill, he gave Miranda’s address to Gorringe.
Adam, Charlie, and Miranda discuss Gorringe and whether he still intends to kill Miranda. She admits that Gorringe never actually raped her and that she planned to frame him for the crime as an act of revenge. During their last year of high school, Miranda’s childhood friend Mariam was raped by Gorringe. She told Miranda of the event but swore her to secrecy, worried that her family wouldn’t accept her if they knew. Mariam became depressed, and a few months after the rape, her depression drove her to death by suicide. Miranda never revealed to Mariam’s family what she knew, instead seeking to bring Gorringe to justice by pretending that she herself was raped by him. Miranda was haunted by guilt over never telling Mariam’s family the truth. With this confession, Miranda finally opens up to Charlie, and their “conversation, in the form of our love, could properly begin” (177). Miranda is no longer secretive.
Alan Turing calls and requests that Charlie meet him at his lab to discuss his experiences with Adam. Two weeks after Miranda’s confession, Charlie goes to Turing’s home, noticing the signs of growing social and political discontent as he takes public transportation through London. Another demonstration protesting the government causes a traffic backup. Charlie joins Turing in his home—and because Charlie idolizes Turing, he’s eager to tell him everything about Adam, including his disabling of the kill switch and his love for composing haikus.
Turing reveals that he’s in contact with 18 other artificial humans’ owners, 11 of whom report that their Adams or Eves deactivated their kill switches. A handful of other artificial humans brought about death by suicide through intentionally corrupting their programming. Turing suspects that the more these artificial humans experience human emotions, contradictions, and nonintuitive decisions, the more they desire to escape from human society. The narrative compares machine learning to a child’s learning processes, highlighting a child’s ability to play as the key difference. Turing dismisses the idea that the personality Charlie and Miranda created for Adam has any true value, holding that machine learning and experiential knowledge is a greater determining factor in an artificial human’s behavior.
Charlie first believed that Adam could be used as a child to bring himself closer to Miranda, but with Mark’s appearance in the couple’s life, a real child threatens to usurp Adam’s initial position within the household. Charlie’s attempts to use Adam in that way failed anyway, as Miranda “made” Adam love her and considers him more of a physical companion. Both Charlie and Miranda use Adam as a tool to achieve what they want in their relationship; neither of them treats Adam as his own person. Although the artificial humans were marketed as conversational and intellectual companions, Charlie doesn’t engage with Adam on this level. His main concern is Miranda. Likewise, Miranda doesn’t interact with Adam’s mind, preferring to view his physical body as an opportunity for her to explore both her own sexuality and the boundaries of her relationship with Charlie. Whether his mind or his physical body is in question, Adam’s personhood is largely ignored. Charlie and Miranda act less like parents or partners with Adam and more as if they own him and are gods to his newly developed self. This extends the novel’s connection between the artificial humans named Adam and Eve and the Biblical Adam and Eve: A concept of divinity that assumes complete authority rules over both sets.
The narrative contrasts Adam’s machine learning with Mark’s learning abilities, particularly his experiences of play. As artificial humans can’t play, Mark symbolizes how human children can learn in ways inaccessible to programmed code. When Turing speaks to Charlie of the increasing number of artificial humans compelled to death by suicide through destabilizing their programming, he notes that machine learning can’t yet deal with humanity's “imperfect world.” Thus, the narrative identifies a child’s ability to play as a viable form of consciousness able to withstand the moral demands of human society. This introduces the novel’s theme Moral Relativity and Objectivism.
Adam uses the conclusions drawn from his machine learning to make his own moral decisions without consulting Charlie or Miranda. By reporting Mark’s presence in Charlie’s apartment to the police, Adam makes the first significant step away from his programmed personality. The question of Adam’s loyalty in the opening chapters is closed: He’s ultimately loyal neither to Charlie nor Miranda but to his own sense of moral justice and truth. Despite this, Charlie and Miranda continue to consider Adam an object that will always support their best interests. When Miranda confesses the extent of her history, Adam is present. Neither she, nor Charlie consider the possibility that Adam could draw his own conclusions about Miranda’s story and act on them. The assumption is that he’ll support them even though he showed autonomy when contacting the police about retrieving Mark.
By Ian McEwan