45 pages • 1 hour read
Alice OsemanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Identity and self-acceptance are key to character and plot development in Loveless. The central conflict in this novel is Georgia’s understanding of her identity and desires. She has internalized her family, friends, and larger society’s elevation of romantic relationships and families. By the time she graduates high school, she’s the only young person she knows who has never been kissed. Romantic comedies evoke idyllic fantasies in which teenage girls strive to be seen as sexualized beings. Georgia’s peers have kissed and most have had sex, and her parents have been in a loving marriage for decades. However, she has never had a real crush. She is repulsed by the prospect of kissing and uncertain how to adhere to societal expectations. Georgia believes in romance, but never experienced it herself.
When Georgia discovers the terms asexual and aromantic, her lack of desire suddenly makes sense to her. However, coming to terms with her aroace identity is a difficult journey. It challenges the future that her society prepared her for, as Georgia assumes she will never be happy without romance. Letting go of this message feels impossible, especially in her isolation. Sunil and Ellis are crucial to her character development because they prove she’s not alone in her identity. Their solidarity helps Georgia more readily accept her identity. The novel ends with her continuing her journey to self-acceptance, as she is not ready to lead an asexual club or tell her parents about her identity. Though she has not fully accepted herself, she has accepted the reality of her journey.
Pip also experiences a journey toward identity and self-acceptance. She is confident about being gay, but never had a queer community to commiserate with. She has kissed girls before, but never had sex or a romantic relationship. Pip worries this is because there’s something unlikeable about herself. She also berates herself for constantly developing crushes on straight girls. When she meets Rooney, she falls in love but tries to fight this feeling by lashing out at her. Pip’s self-sabotage is indicative of her struggle with accepting herself as a person who can be loved by another girl. She learns through fights with Georgia and Rooney that if she’s honest, this vulnerability will make her happier.
Rooney also struggles with her identity and self-acceptance. She has difficulty accepting love because, like Pip, part of her believes she doesn’t deserve it. This is because she abandoned close friends in lieu of an emotionally abusive ex-boyfriend, which degraded her sense of self. Rooney feels lost because she gave up her identity for this ex-boyfriend for three years. Now in university, she tries to reinvent herself as a fun party girl. She has casual sex and insists it makes her happy. However, Rooney oversexualizes herself as a way of overcompensating for her low self-esteem. She pretends she has many friends when she doesn’t, and pretends she doesn’t like Pip when she loves her. Rooney has never been interested in a girl before, so she undergoes a significant shift in understanding her new needs. She also leans to accept that people like Georgia and Pip truly love her. Once she lets go of her past and embraces the possibility that she is loveable, her life becomes happier.
In Loveless, Alice Oseman breaks down societal expectations to advocate for personal truth. This is most notable in Georgia’s character development. She must let go of romantic expectations reinforced through loved ones, peers, and popular media. She fears being alone while others find romantic partners and form families, but learns to lean into personal truth—to create a community for herself without unnecessary pressure.
Georgia’s cousin Ellis embodies this theme. Like Georgia, Ellis is asexual and aromantic, but doesn’t understand her identity in these terms. Even so, she knows herself and leads a successful life. Despite acephobia from her parents—who believe she shouldn’t be single and childless, to the point of suggesting therapy—she doesn’t deviate from her pursuit of happiness. Ellis remains dedicated to art and friends instead of forcing herself to enjoy romance and sex. Similarly, Sunil embodies this theme. Even within the queer community, he faces judgement for being aroace. They had to grapple with several layers of judgement from society due to their sexuality and race. Lloyd, the former president of the Pride Society, is a gay man who rejects asexuality, judging Sunil for their sexuality—which is ironic because a Pride Society is meant to provide a safe, inclusive space for the larger LGBTQ+ community. Still, Sunil remains dedicated to his personal truth, to help those like Georgia who require guidance and support.
Loveless advocates for platonic love, framing friendship as an integral part of the human experience. Friends are family members that people choose to incorporate into their lives. Like romantic love, platonic love can be encompassing and unconditional. Georgia is an empathetic character who recognizes her friends’ qualities and problems. She notes Rooney and Pip’s mutual attraction long before either of them is ready to admit it; she understands Rooney is lying to herself about being happy with flings; and she understands how to make up with Jason and Pip after their falling out, even proposing college marriage to Pip. Her friends are a priority, their mutual communication and trust being just as important as those expected in romantic relationships.
The love Georgia receives from her friends fulfills her, as they return her communication and trust. Jason confronts his feelings for Georgia so they can maintain their friendship, and Pip and Rooney maintain their friendships with Georgia even while dating. Georgia doesn’t lose out on her friendships even when her friends form other relationships. This is because she is as important to them as they are to her. Rooney voices surprise at Georgia’s friendship because she hadn’t experienced friendship in a long time, and Pip is hurt by Rooney and Georgia’s kiss because she trusts Georgia. Jason dedicates the Shakespeare Society’s first performance to Georgia because he sees her as the “glue” that keeps their group together. She introduces her four friends to one another, and her investment in each of them allows their collective friendship to persevere through challenges. Sunil also models this theme with his friend Jess, as there is no judgment between them, only true love. Friends provide comfort and stability, and work to make each other happy. Jess does this for Sunil, and Sunil transfers this loving energy to his new friendships with Georgia, Pip, Jason, and Rooney.
By Alice Oseman
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