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Kaitlyn GreenidgeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
After a long break in communications, Cathy writes to Libertie. She confesses her anger at her daughter but tries to understand Libertie’s point of view. Though she asks for a response, Libertie does not write back because she finds out that she is pregnant. She has tried to empathize with Ella’s problems and Emmanuel’s ambitions and to adjust to life in Haiti, but every night she dreams of being with her mother.
Libertie tries to learn the French Creole language and invest herself in the local culture, including the festival of Fet Gede (All Souls’ Day), a “celebration for the spirits of those who passed” (205). While Emmanuel spends the day with the local Vodoun practitioners, Libertie spends the day in public prayer with the rest of the family. She stands at the back of the church with Ti Me, hearing the exuberant locals outside while Bishop Chase drones on. Eventually, Libertie turns to Ti Me, and they exit the church together.
Their departure turns heads, but Libertie and Ti Me ignore this and rush toward the cemetery where the festival is held. They are swept up in the crowd of joyous, elaborately dressed people. Libertie cannot understand all the comments directed at her, but she listens as Ti Me explains the intricate details of the celebration. People sing and dance to commemorate the dead, which makes Libertie reflect on her unfamiliarity with the society and the longing she feels for home. She begins to laugh uncontrollably and must sit down. Ti Me reveals that one of the figures in the crowd told Libertie that she was pregnant. Libertie laughs even harder until Ti Me guides her home. She then lies in bed as Ti Me fetches Emmanuel, who runs home and talks to her about the pregnancy. Neither seems enthused by the prospect of a child.
When Emmanuel leaves, Libertie re-reads her mother’s letters. She decides to respond and writes a short message revealing her pregnancy. Within a month, Libertie begins to feel the baby’s “determined, persistent churning” (213). Emmanuel fears for the baby’s safety and orders Libertie to stay indoors; she does not have the strength to disobey. Ella continues to “smother [Libertie] with nostalgia” (214), telling her disturbing stories from the past. The only escape is the cooking shed, where Libertie talks to Ti Me.
One evening after dinner, Libertie walks through the garden. Ella approaches her and confesses that she saw her father sexually abuse “every serving girl up and down this street, including Ti Me” (216). She told Emmanuel but he did not believe her, and her father beat her for mentioning his behavior. Emmanuel tried to save her from their father’s beatings by telling everyone that Ella was suffering from mental health issues. Ella now appreciates her brother’s actions because she has found a form of freedom in everyone believing that she is unwell. She believes that Libertie is lucky, as Emmanuel can do the same for her. Libertie disagrees with this interpretation of freedom and tells Emmanuel about the conversation as they lie in bed. He defends his father, saying that Bishop Chase’s behavior is “no different than what the slave masters used to do to our foremothers” (217). Libertie believes that Emmanuel’s efforts to build a new world are pointless if women are not equal to men: “[Y]ou have freedom to define yourself, and I do not have any” (218). She then leaves and sleeps in the cooking shed.
Later, Ti Me finds Libertie and reveals that Emmanuel and Ella are searching for her. She refuses to return to the house. Ti Me confirms Ella’s account of the sexual abuse but does not believe the world’s injustice is fixable. Libertie lies in the shed and listens to the world around her. She realizes that she loves Haiti as a country, even if the people within it do not love her.
After that night, Libertie remains in the shed alongside Ti Me. She tries to talk to Ti Me but worries that she is imposing herself in Ti Me’s living quarters. She begins to suspect that she is pregnant with twins as the physical changes to her body become more pronounced. As she helps Ti Me with the chores, she tries to avoid her husband and his family. Emmanuel tries to coax her back into the house by forcing Ella to apologize, but Libertie refuses. She argues with Emmanuel and explains that he has never truly seen her as an equal, despite his initial promises. He attributes her accusations of hypocrisy to her pregnancy, and Libertie refuses to leave the shed.
In one of their long conversations, Ti Me admits that she does not love Emmanuel or Ella, though she does care for them. She believes that no one can really change who they are, and that Libertie has been claimed by the goddess Erzulie and will remain restless until she dies. The only escape, Ti Me believes, is for Libertie to give herself over to Vodou spiritualism. However, Ti Me is certain that Libertie will not stay in Haiti forever.
Time passes and Libertie waits for a response from her mother as the locals gossip about her behavior. News arrives that a special performing group is coming to the island, and everyone has permission to attend. Libertie is initially determined to remain in the shed, but her resolve begins to fade. She accepts Emmanuel’s offer to listen to the performance from their bedroom window.
Libertie and Emmanuel sit on the bed and strain their ears to hear the music. They talk together, and just as Libertie is about to yield to his promises of future change, she hears a familiar sound. Louisa and Experience’s voices drift in from the street, and Libertie rushes to the window. She insists that Emmanuel bring them to her. He agrees, and Libertie wonders whether he really does love her. Libertie warmly greets her old friends and tries to convince them to stay with her in Haiti.
Libertie sits with her friends as they eat dinner and listens to their account of the previous 11 months, during which they have performed throughout America and the Caribbean. Ella struggles to contain her criticisms, and Bishop Chase sends her from the dinner table. The dismissal forces Libertie to reflect on whether she can stay in their house. After dinner, Louisa jokes that Libertie has a comfortable life as a “lady of leisure” in a lavish house (234). Libertie responds that none of them quite have the lives they imagined back at college. Louisa mentions a meeting with Cathy at which they learned that Libertie has hardly written to her mother. She has brought a letter but criticizes Libertie for the lack of communication. Libertie says goodnight to her friends.
That night, Libertie agrees to sleep in the house. She undresses, and Emmanuel lays his head against her pregnant belly. When he falls asleep, Libertie reads her mother’s letter. Cathy admits to her sadness at her daughter’s absence and her regretful belief that she failed as a mother. She describes attending a particularly difficult childbirth. The baby and mother survived, and the experience made Cathy think about her absent daughter.
Libertie writes a response and gives it to Louisa and Experience to deliver. The performers leave the next day, and Libertie lacks the strength to return to the shed. She gives birth to her children in the bedroom she shares with Emmanuel. He is at her side throughout, and the experience helps her to forgive him. She wishes that her mother were with her as her twins are born, and she remembers the letter she sent to her explaining that she is still coming to terms with her own identity.
Libertie decides to return to America as soon as she is well enough. Though she feels at home in Haiti, she cannot stay. Libertie writes another letter, this time to Emmanuel. She explains that though she loves him, she cannot stay “in a house that is built on silences” (242). She wants him to follow her, as she believes that he is strong enough to abandon his ambitions in the name of love. She will wait for him “in the new world” (243).
Ti Me plays an important role in Libertie. She is the link between the sanitized, wealthy world of the African American Chase family and the poorer but vibrant local culture. She also plays a maternal role for Emmanuel and Ella, replacing the mother that the twins lost at a young age even though she is not much older than them. However, the Chases treat Ti Me badly even though she has been an important part of the family for many years. Emmanuel expects her to function as a servant, she is made to live in the cooking shed, and Bishop Chase sexually abused her on a regular basis. While she still cares for Ella and Emmanuel, she admits that she cannot ever love them; they are too distinct, too separate, and too arrogant to truly engage with the local culture. This emotional distance, coupled with Bishop Chase’s abusive behavior, illustrates why Emmanuel will never realize his plans for Haiti. Neither Emmanuel nor his father cares for the people of Haiti. Instead of trying to bring about actual equality, they are simply recreating the prejudicial structures of the United States in a new country; Bishop Chase even imports the sexual exploitation white slaveholders once practiced. Like Ti Me, the general Haitian population will never accept the Chases and their plans for Haiti.
Libertie writes her final letter to her mother before her return to the United States. Importantly, Libertie clearly announces that she is returning home on her own terms. She does not ask for permission to come home, nor does she seek her mother’s approval. At the same time, she is not asking her husband to leave Haiti and does not expect him to stop her. Libertie is finally making her own decisions in her life, inspired by the birth of her children. She has tried to be a daughter, a friend, and a wife, but she has found nothing but confusion and heartbreak. As a mother, she finally realizes her strength. Libertie stops asking for permission to exist, whether from her relatives, her loved ones, or society itself. Instead, she embraces her own identity and the identity of her children and sets out on a journey to find happiness on her own terms.
Libertie’s final letter addresses her husband. She flees Haiti to return to the United States, but she leaves an invitation open to Emmanuel to join her. While he lied (or perhaps deceived himself) about his ambitions for a better, more equal Haiti, Libertie believes that he is still a good man. The fact that he stayed by her side during childbirth confirms to her that Emmanuel is a strong, attentive man who cares very much for her, but she needs him to see the error of his ways if they are to have a life together. Emmanuel thus has the choice to either accept Libertie as an independent, equal person or abandon her as an afterthought. By leaving the decision to Emmanuel, Libertie gives him the opportunity to embrace change in his own life. For this reason, she refers to the United States as “the new world” (243)—a subversive echo of the European imperialist view of America. For Libertie, the new world is not the country itself, but the new way of life that she will embrace in America, possibly with Emmanuel by her side. She wants to put aside the prejudices and the confusion of her past and travel to a new place where she knows exactly who she is and what she wants. As she mentions in the letter, she believes that Emmanuel has the strength needed to join her in this new world.
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