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50 pages 1 hour read

Vladimir Nabokov

Invitation to a Beheading

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1935

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Chapters 13-16Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 13 Summary

That night, Cincinnatus hears the scratching noises again. In his mind, he can imagine a savior tunneling toward him to free him from the prison. Using the chair, he knocks against the wall in the hope of communicating with the unknown entity “by means of rhythm” (139). The noises stop briefly, then resume. Cincinnatus is pleased, believing that he is in communication with this unknown digger. He thinks about tapping out a code, but it will be morning soon. By dawn, the noises have stopped. For the rest of the day, Cincinnatus is filled with hope.

The letter Cincinnatus wrote to Marthe remains unsent. In the letter, he has tried to convey the horrific reality of his predicament. He pleads with her to feel human empathy toward him, if only fleetingly. Cincinnatus is critical of his wife’s frequent infidelity, which has turned their marriage into a form of torture. By writing, he hopes to “purge” himself. Though he cannot put her betrayal into words, he is starting to feel that Marthe cannot be real. He implores her to visit again, by herself this time. He hands the letter to Rodion, asking whether there are any other prisoners and whether the executioner has arrived yet. The questions infuriate Rodion but, before he can slam the cell door, Pierre enters. He spreads out a woolen chessboard and talks about Marthe, claiming to be “a great aficionado of women” (144). He describes a sexual encounter with a woman as he and Cincinnatus play chess. Pierre struggles with the rules of the game and accuses Cincinnatus of cheating. Pierre insists they play a different game; when they do, he only becomes infuriated.

Chapter 14 Summary

That night, the scratching sounds are even closer, and Cincinnatus is convinced that the unseen digger must be nearing his cell. He is thrilled by the idea that he may be rescued soon. When morning comes, Rodion enters the cell. The scratching sounds are still audible. Emmie rushes in behind Rodion and finds a hiding place. She waits for Rodion to leave then attacks Cincinnatus in a playful manner. Emmie reveals that she has devised a plan to rescue him. She will do so the following day. She tells him that she wants to run away with him and marry him.

Cincinnatus wants to know more about her plan. When she whispers in his ear, he can only discern “a hot, moist and utterly unintelligible noise” (149). As Emmie continues to crawl over his bed and his body, he begins to feel sleepy. Rodion enters to remove Emmie. When they leave, Cincinnatus hears the scratching sound again. He is astounded to hear the sound during the daytime.

That evening, Pierre comes to the cell, smoking a meerschaum pipe and wanting to continue the previous day’s conversation about love. Rodrig enters, insisting that he simply wants to listen to Pierre’s conversation. Asking for no interruptions, Pierre talks effusively about love and romance. Rodrig agrees enthusiastically with Pierre’s descriptions of seasons, art, and food. Cincinnatus is consulted for his opinion on the conversation, which he dismisses as “dreary, obtrusive nonsense” (154). His sour mood ends the conversation, and Pierre exits with Rodrig. When the light goes out, Cincinnatus listens intently. Rodion enters to collect his stool but sits down and begins to nap. Cincinnatus questions him about the arrival of his executioner. Rodion immediately leaves. Cincinnatus spends the night mentally reviewing the two weeks he has spent waiting for his execution. He imagines the people he has met whirling around him with joined hands.

Chapter 15 Summary

Late in the afternoon, the scratching sounds start again. Cincinnatus hears a louder noise and believes that this indicates some kind of breakthrough. He gathers what few belongings he has, hoping that the unseen digger will soon reach the cell. The wall collapses with a crash. As the dust clears, Pierre and Rodrig step through the cloud of debris. They are laughing at Cincinnatus and praising each other for their funny joke.

Pierre reveals that he dug the tunnel to visit his friend Cincinnatus whenever he wants. He wants Cincinnatus to come with him through the tunnel to have tea in his own cell. Cincinnatus crawls through the tunnel, which is narrow and uncomfortable, with “terrible, unmitigated dejection” (160). They emerge into Pierre’s cell covered in dust, so Pierre changes his outfit. Though they have identical cells, Pierre brags, he has decorated his living quarters. He has a calendar on his wall and a blanket on his cot. He also has “salacious photographs,” a fan, and many other items. Pierre praises their new friendship, but criticizes Cincinnatus’s sullen, spiteful attitude. He waits for the tea to be brought and takes out a key to a case. Inside is a “broad, shiny ax” (163). He reveals that he is the man who will execute Cincinnatus.

Pierre cancels the tea appointment and recommends that Cincinnatus return to his cell to rest. Everything, he says, will be explained tomorrow. He insists that Cincinnatus return through the tunnel. Cincinnatus crawls alone through the tunnel and is surprised to emerge into “one of the many turfy taluses” that are located around the fortress (164). He stands at the foot of the fortress walls. As he begins to walk, Emmie emerges from a bush and joins him. She leads him to the director’s apartment, where Rodrig is drinking tea with his wife and Pierre. Rodrig is shocked to see Cincinnatus. Pierre encourages Rodrig to let the new arrivals be, as “they are both children” (166). Emmie sits down and eats melon. Rodrig tells Cincinnatus to sit and wait. He will be taken back to his cell but, in the meantime, he is encouraged to look at a photohoroscope, made for Emmie by Pierre.

Chapter 16 Summary

Cincinnatus looks at the spider in his cell. It seems to be well fed but is still hungry. Cincinnatus has some injuries from his recent experience; he is “a mass of scrapes and bruises” (169). The entrance to the tunnel has been sealed by two prison guards. Cincinnatus still has the photohoroscope. He examines the pictures inside, all of which show Emmie’s face superimposed onto those of other people. The photohoroscope claims to plan out Emmie’s life, all the way up until the age of 40, when she will supposedly die. Rodion removes the photohoroscope from the cell; Emmie will need it when she returns to school, he says. Rodion will be sad to see Emmie go. He is pleased, however, that Cincinnatus has stopped asking about the date of his execution.

Pierre enters, accompanied by Rodrig and Roman. The men sit at the table and, after pacing up and down, Cincinnatus joins them. The lawyer prepares to take notes. After a sip of water, Pierre outlines “what has already been accomplished” (173). He describes the way in which he pretended to be Cincinnatus’s friend and fellow prisoner, which, he claims, is part of the executioner’s craft. Executioners must form a bond of friendship with the people they plan to execute. He asks for Cincinnatus’s forgiveness. Rodrig glances expectantly at Cincinnatus but Pierre assures him that this request is only a formality. He now claims to know “the structure of Cincinnatus’s soul” (175). He asks Rodrig to formally introduce him to Cincinnatus. The director introduces M’sieur Pierre, “the performer of the execution” (176), but Pierre criticizes his technique. The execution, Pierre says, is scheduled for two days’ time in Thriller Square. First, however, he and Cincinnatus must visit the city fathers. According to tradition, Cincinnatus has the opportunity to say something, much to Rodrig’s annoyance. He remains quiet and the meeting ends. Pierre, Rodrig, and Roman exit, talking about execution methods. The librarian enters almost immediately to fetch the books. Cincinnatus refuses the offer of religious texts. He is upset that he never finished Quercus and hands back several Arabic books that were given to him by mistake. The librarian leaves.

Chapters 13-16 Analysis

When Cincinnatus hears the scratching sounds from somewhere else in the prison, he allows himself a brief moment of hope that someone is coming to save him. After feeling this strange optimism, Cincinnatus is possessed by a desire to communicate with whatever is making the sounds. When he tries to communicate, however, he realizes that he does not know how to reach out to this unknown entity. Cincinnatus does not know which language to use, or whether this entity even speaks a language. He knocks on the wall and, on hearing the noise again, convinces himself that he has made communication with his unseen rescuer. For Cincinnatus, the possibility of communication is as thrilling as a conversation. For the first and only time in the novel, he is pleased to have opened a dialogue. The unknowability of the entity that is making the sound is an important part of this unexpected optimism. Since Cincinnatus does not know the entity’s identity, he can project his most desperate hopes onto it. This moment of optimism adds an extra element of tragedy to Cincinnatus’s story. It shows that he is capable of hope, but in a cruel twist, the rescue attempt is revealed to be a joke played on him by the man who will cut off his head.

The revelation of Pierre’s true identity and the reasons for his subterfuge develop the theme of Irrational Bureaucracy. Upon his arrival at the fortress, Pierre makes a concerted effort to befriend Cincinnatus. He invites Cincinnatus to drink tea with him and offers to play games with him. He tells jokes and shares anecdotes, even revealing that he has been imprisoned for trying to help Cincinnatus to escape. When Pierre’s true identity is revealed, however, his actions are placed in a new context. His attempt to befriend Cincinnatus was predicated on a lie. Pierre is not a fellow prisoner; in fact, he is the opposite of a condemned man. He is the condemned man’s executioner. Pierre’s deception is an insincere continuation of an old tradition that requires executioners to form a bond of trust with their future victims. Ironically, this bond of trust is predicated on a lie—another example of The Duality of Life Under Totalitarianism. The reveal of Pierre’s true identity is a damning indictment of state power and bureaucracy.

Pierre cannot explain exactly why this tradition is still observed, but the continuation of tradition is important to him; he sees himself as a skilled craftsman. Pierre’s love of tradition is matched by his love of theatricality. He is not content to simply tell Cincinnatus his real identity. Instead, he plants a seed of optimism in Cincinnatus’s mind by digging a tunnel, only to obliterate this optimism by revealing that he is both the entity behind the scratching sounds and the man who will swing the ax. The true cruelty of the prank is evident in the way in which Pierre and Rodrig congratulate themselves for tricking Cincinnatus so convincingly. Pierre, backed by the state in his role as executioner and striving to perpetuate the cruel traditions of the past, obliterates the last vestiges of Cincinnatus’s hope.

During his time in the fortress, Cincinnatus starts to read a novel titled Quercus. Unfortunately for him, the supposed date of his execution means that he does not have the opportunity to finish the text. The unread novel works as a counterpoint to the writing that he never manages to finish. Cincinnatus selects one of the longest novels in the library and reads less than a third of it; his choice suggests that he never planned on finishing Quercus. On the other hand, his writing stalls because he cannot bring himself to start something that he cannot finish. The novel is composed of someone else’s thoughts, which Cincinnatus is happy to leave unread, while his writing is a culmination of his own thoughts, which he is terrified to leave unfinished.

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