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49 pages 1 hour read

Ana Menéndez

In Cuba I Was a German Shepherd

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2001

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Symbols & Motifs

Dogs

The titular story in the collection, “In Cuba I Was a German Shepherd,” takes its name from the punch line of a joke Máximo tells his friends about a dog called Juanito. When he arrives in Miami, Juanito feels displaced and overwhelmed. He recalls “a pretty little dog” (26) from home and feels lonely. One day, he meets “an elegant white poodle” and chats her up in Spanish. She tells him to speak English because “[t]his is America” (26). Switching to English, Juanito tells her that he would like to marry her, and she replies that she is “a refined breed of considerable class” while he is “nothing but a short insignificant mutt” (27). Juanito is hurt but rallies with the retort, “Here in America, I may be a short insignificant mutt, but in Cuba I was a German shepherd” (27).

After he tells the joke, Máximo turns away from his friends and reflects on the fragility of life. Juanito represents the Cuban immigrants, like Máximo and the other professionals whom he employs in his restaurant. When they fled Cuba, they lost their professional credentials and identities. The “white poodle” represents European Americans who consider the immigrants as insignificant and beneath them without truly seeing them.

Bananas

In “The Perfect Fruit,” Matilde becomes obsessed with ridding her yard of bananas, staying up all night to bake an array of banana-based desserts to use up every last banana. The bananas are a symbol of overwhelming events outside Matilde’s control—and that she refuses to be defeated by chaos.

When she arrived in America as a young woman, Matilde was a new mother struggling with a new role, new country and language, and, the narrative implies, an unfaithful husband. Cooking for her son Anselmo became her solace and escape. As the story begins, Anselmo has asked to bring his American girlfriend Meegan to his parents’ house so they can announce something (most like their engagement, as the story “The Last Rescue” shows Anselmo and Meegan married). The coming dinner unsettles Matilde, who recognizes that she is gradually losing influence over Anselmo.

The bananas that are taking over the yard add to her anxiety. Her husband Raúl planted banana trees without asking her, an action that represents his lack of regard for her feelings in general (evidenced through his extramarital affairs). The overgrown bananas disrupt Matilde’s peace of mind and amplifying her loss of control. She worries that they will rot on the trees and spoil her yard when she wants to impress Meegan.

At the end of the story, she has baked for two days straight, producing every possible variation of banana-based baked good. Hearing Anselmo and Meegan pull into their driveway, Raúl frets about what they will serve for dinner since they only have dessert. Earlier in the story, Matilde felt a thrill of pleasure when she noticed signs that Raúl is aging. Now, she places a pie in front of Raúl telling him, “Please eat […]. I made it just for you” (51). This statement signifies that she has transferred her obsessive control from Anselmo to Raúl. In the larger context, her anxiety and need for control speak to the struggle of characters throughout the collection as they invent and reinvent themselves in relation to a larger event outside of their control: political and economic turmoil in Cuba, from Batista through Castro.

Verisimilitude

Though several of the stories feature magical realist and allegorical elements, Menéndez lends verisimilitude to her stories by incorporating real-life Cuban landmarks, such as Vedado Tennis Club and La Concha beach. Moncada, where Hortencia in “Story of a Parrot” imagines herself singing, was the military barracks where the Cuban revolution is said to have begun with an attack staged and led by Fidel Castro. By incorporating both real places and fantastical elements, Menéndez illuminates the point made by the narrator of “Hurricane Stories,” that something “could be true and never have happened” (33).

Fidel Castro

Castro looms large in the Cuban exiles’ imaginations. The son of a wealthy Spanish farm owner and his second wife, a former household servant, Castro attended Jesuit schools before studying law at the University of Havana, where he became radicalized. At age 27, in 1953, he led the unsuccessful attack on the Moncada Barracks, for which he was imprisoned until 1955. Upon his release, he resumed his political activities, raising money and followers. Support for the dictator Batista eroded due to rampant corruption in his regime, and by 1959, Castro had gained control of the country. He served various leadership roles in the government until 2011 and died in 2016.

As a military and political leader, Castro has inspired both fierce loyalty and love, and deep hatred and resentment. He espoused Cuban nationalism, anti-imperialism, and communist economic policies. Through ambiguous, multi-perspective stories, Menéndez accounts for both visions of Castro, as either savior or architect of destruction.

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