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91 pages 3 hours read

Caitlin Alifirenka, Liz Welch, Martin Ganda

I Will Always Write Back

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | YA | Published in 2015

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“Caitlin: September 1997”-“Martin: November 1997”Chapter Summaries & Analyses

“Caitlin: September 1997” Summary

Caitlin Alifirenka is in her seventh-grade English class when her teacher, Mrs. Miller, announces that everyone will be writing to a pen pal from another country. While other students choose pen pals in Europe, Caitlin is the only one to choose Zimbabwe, as it is a country wholly unfamiliar to her. When she arrives home from school, her mother informs her that Zimbabwe used to be called Rhodesia. The name of the country changed due to colonialism, which Caitlin’s mother describes as “when powerful countries take over other countries and call them their territories” (9). Caitlin’s mother compares what happened to Zimbabwe to the United States, which used to be colonies of Great Britain.

Caitlin has a hard time understanding the connection between the United States and Zimbabwe in terms of colonialism, so she conducts some research on the internet. She learns that there are two main ethnic groups in Zimbabwe, the Shona and the Ndebele. While Shona is the national language, most of the country speaks English due to Zimbabwe’s colonization by the United Kingdom. With this information in mind, Caitlin begins her letter to her pen pal in Zimbabwe. She describes herself, her family, and what she likes to do for fun. She asks her pen pal what he likes to do for fun in Zimbabwe. When she is finished with the letter, she feels a rush of excitement.

“Martin: October 1997” Summary

In Mrs. Jarai’s class of over 15 students in Zimbabwe, Martin is one of the 10 people to receive a letter from a pen pal from the US. He receives this opportunity because he belongs to Group One, which is made up of the top-performing students in the class. When Martin reads his letter from Caitlin aloud in class, everybody laughs as he struggles to pronounce his pen pal’s last name and where she comes from. When Martin arrives home, he excitedly tells his mother about his letter from Caitlin. While his mother generally does not approve of him interacting with girls, she tells him, “You can learn many things from her” (21). Martin writes his letter to Caitlin using her letter as a template and briefly describes his life in Zimbabwe. He writes to her that he will always write back.

“Caitlin: October 1997” Summary

As weeks pass in October, Caitlin witnesses her classmates receiving responses from their pen pals in Europe. She is disappointed that she has not heard back from Martin. Finally, she receives a letter from Martin a week before Halloween. As she reads his letter, she realizes that Martin is likely Black and unlike her. The only Black people she has interacted with are other Americans like herself. She had a Black best friend in kindergarten, Marlena, who she upset one day by unraveling one of her braids. Caitlin did not understand that Black hair was different from her own.

Caitlin concocts a plan to find out what Martin looks like. She decides to send a school photograph of herself with her next letter to him, asking him to include a photograph of him in return.

“Martin: November 1997” Summary

When Martin receives Caitlin’s letter, he is excited to find her photograph enclosed. He shows the picture to his mother and father, who exclaim that Caitlin is a “[v]ery pretty Murungu” (35), or white person. Martin panics because he is not sure he can afford to send Caitlin a photograph back, as she has requested. His family does not make enough money to afford a professional photographer to take his photograph.

Martin ponders this dilemma as he makes his way to the Mutare Board and Paper Mill, to collect his father’s paycheck to bring home to his mother. His mother has tasked him with this chore so that his father does not spend some of the paycheck on Chibuku, a popular alcohol beverage. At the paper mill, Martin meets Mr. Mutandwa, the head of human resources, who encourages the young student to go to college. Martin wants to grow up to be like Mr. Mutandwa but is unsure how he will be able to go to college, as neither of his parents ever finished secondary school. However, Mr. Mutandwa’s encouragement gives him the same confidence as Caitlin’s letter.

Back at home, Martin tells his mother about the photograph. She suggests that he send her the photograph of him from the day he scored the highest on the national placement exam of anyone in Mutare, Zimbabwe. It is the only photograph they own. Martin writes back to Caitlin later that night with that photograph enclosed.

“Caitlin: September 1997”-“Martin: November 1997” Analysis

In these initial chapters of I Will Always Write Back, Caitlin and Martin reveal crucial differences in their respective lives, marked by their national identities. Being from the US, Caitlin has the privilege of not knowing the history of Zimbabwe or the effects of British colonialism. When this concept is explained to her by her mother, Caitlin still expresses confusion, as she lacks real-life context for this political force. Meanwhile, Martin’s economic circumstances in Zimbabwe are heavily influenced by Western powers, which includes the US. When his school receives pen-pal letters from the US, the opportunity to receive one is considered a privilege. This moment reveals that Zimbabweans have a greater context for the US than the US has for Zimbabwe. There is also a power differential; Caitlin has the opportunity to choose a pen pal from any country, whereas Martin’s school only has a limited number of US-only pen pals to offer its students.

Aware of this power differential, Martin’s mother expresses to Martin about Caitlin, “You can learn many things from her” (21). In this statement, Martin’s mother impresses upon her son the significance of this budding friendship. For Martin, learning about the US through his exchange with Caitlin is a way of earning social and cultural currency. By gathering information about the US in this way, Martin increases his chances of one day studying at a US university. Knowing this, Martin’s mother encourages this pen-pal exchange. She even suggests that Martin give Caitlin the only photograph they own. While the photograph is a prized commodity in their household, and additional photographs cost money they do not have, Martin’s mother understands the significance of Martin maintaining this correspondence with Caitlin.

These early chapters also reveal Caitlin’s initial ignorance of Martin’s poverty. Her request for a photograph shows that she is not aware of how much it costs to take a photograph in Zimbabwe and that the request has put pressure on Martin. She also shows a lack of awareness about racial differences as well, citing a young friendship with Marlena as the only instance in which she had been friends with a Black person. In an act of racial blindness, Caitlin undoes Marlena’s braids, not knowing that as a Black person, Marlena’s hair differs from her own and requires special braiding that a white person may not know how to perform. This ignorance also colors her early exchanges with Martin, who she realizes is likely Black, as he is from Zimbabwe.

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