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35 pages 1 hour read

Richard Matheson

I Am Legend

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1954

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Part 2, Chapters 11-14Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 11 Summary

Robert Neville finds a microscope and learns how to use it. Once he feels confident about preparing slides, he takes blood from a sleeping Undead and studies it. Because viruses are too small to see through this particular microscope, he concludes that the organism he sees is a bacterium; he names it vampiris. Neville experiences “a massive weight of despair” (76) at the discovery, as he barely understands what the discovery means, but eventually grows determined. From his reading, he concludes that vampiris is to blame, not the humans it infects. Vampiris is capable of reproducing spores when their host body does not replenish it with fresh blood; the dust storms caused by military bombings spread the spores.

At the moment, Neville’s only method of distinguishing between infected and true Undead is through shooting them: The infected die to bullets, while Undead are unaffected. He concludes that the infected host vampiris spores, and when they die, vampiris takes over their body, essentially bringing them back to life.

Chapter 12 Summary

With a better understanding of vampiris, Neville tries to debunk the Undead’s seemingly vampire nature, such as their weakness to garlic. He creates a two-column list comparing Undead traits as explained by science or legend. His inability to make a connection between the two columns throws him into a fury, unleashing “repressed craving for violence” (81). Neville begins drinking heavily and attacks the microscope, damaging it. He spends two days drunk and incapable of studying or taking care of himself. On the third morning, he goes outside and sees a dog on his lawn. The dog limps, as one of his front paws is wounded.

Surprised, Neville chases the dog, but his enthusiasm frightens the latter into hiding. Afterward, he “dredged up again the endless enigma of why he went on” (85) and considers why he hasn’t died by suicide when he will have to spend the rest of his life alone and in hiding; ultimately, he believes himself “too dumb” to see to his own death. Neville prays for the dog’s safety despite his lack of faith. He sets out a hamburger and a bowl of milk on the porch to entice the dog to return.

Chapter 13 Summary

The next morning, Neville finds that the dog ate his food. He begins leaving out food twice a day, standing nearby while the dog eats so the latter becomes accustomed to him. Neville reasons that if the dog survived this long, there might be other humans who managed to do the same. As several days pass, the dog becomes more comfortable with Neville, until he stops coming for three days. When he returns, he is noticeably sick and weak, having been infected with vampiris.

Neville becomes distraught. He resolves to cure the dog and manages to capture it. The dog hides under Neville’s bed. Neville puts a blanket on the floor, and the terrified dog burrows into it. He manages to hold the dog and calmly pet it, but the latter is too sick to be cured. The dog dies within a week.

Chapter 14 Summary

After the dog dies, Neville finds that he does not resort to destructive drinking as he expected. Rather, he is at such a low point that “the only way he could go was up” (100). Neville accepts the “dungeon” he is in, gives up hope, and returns to studying.

Neville remembers the period after Virginia died, but when there were still humans living in the city. He had been aimlessly wandering the streets when he got caught up in a crowd walking toward a tent to hear a religious sermon against the Undead. The speaker claimed that they needed to pray for salvation from the Undead’s sinfulness.

This memory prompts Neville to study psychology texts, as he draws a connection between people’s reaction to the initial spread of the contagion and the sensationalist journalism of newspapers covering the outbreak. He reasons that when people became infected, and later became Undead by vampiris, they were so shocked that they began appropriating vampire legend as personal truth. His discovery reinterprets the Undead as infected people so convinced that they are vampires, that they mimic them.

Part 2, Chapters 11-14 Analysis

As Robert Neville approaches his study of the Undead from a more scientific perspective, the plot transitions from physical concerns of survival and sex to matters of knowledge. Neville’s initial despair over the discovery of vampiris (76) reflects this transition, as he struggles to reorient his daily life to suit the demands of research over pure survival. He becomes a self-made man in that through perseverance, he becomes an expert on immunology.

Neville’s scientific studies continue to clash with the Undead’s vampiric nature (80) until he considers referring to another scientific discipline beyond immunology and anatomy: psychology. His being able to explain the Undead’s legendary nature suggests that there is order to even the most fantastical, unprecedented events. Neville uses science to debunk centuries of legend and lore, while simultaneously commenting on the susceptible nature of the human mind. The psychological foundation of religion is so deeply embedded within Neville’s society that the vampire is born out of people’s expectations of what a vampire should be. The human mind as a symbol for the science of psychology is as powerful a tool for infection as vampiris itself.

The human mind as a carrier for infectious ideas is best represented in the “yellow journalism” (105) Neville remembers at the beginning of vampiris’s spread. The sensationalism surrounding the infected and their Undead nature acted as propaganda in support of the vampire, inadvertently or not. Similar to religious fervor, the legend of the vampire distracted the population from considering the germ theory. The bombings that contributed to the spread of vampiris, along with rampant journalism and religious revivalism, created a legend of infection that people readily held onto as an explanation for the then inexplicable. Like Neville’s need to study immunology to understand the Undead, former humans needed to understand the spread of vampiris in some concrete way, even if through legend. In other words, human nature is presented as needing to have a firm grasp of a reality that is in some way explicable, if not true.

As Neville spends more time sober and stimulating his mind, he begins to seriously ask himself why he continues to live in such a dire situation (85). He blames his survival instinct, in that “his continuance was an accident and an attendant bovinity” (86). Yet, when Neville spots a stray dog, his desperate need for companionship reveals that he is still alive because he still has hope. The dog’s death is a low point for Neville, in which he must make the conscious decision to continue hoping for a better future, or follow the dog into death. In his despair, Neville notes that “the only way he could go was up” (100), signaling a shift in his character from an easily enraged, grieving man to one who assumes the responsibility of keeping himself alive.

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By Richard Matheson