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Geraldine BrooksA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Theo brings his painting to the Support Center where conservator Jeremy Raines will inspect, clean, and evaluate it. Raines concurs that the painting is from the mid-19th century. Raines discovers “Lexington” written on the frame and assumes it was painted in Lexington, Kentucky. Jess spots the painting through Raines’s office window. She and Theo recognize each other. Jess mentions that the horse in the painting has a bone structure remarkably like that of her skeleton. Raines suggests that Jess bring Theo to her lab.
Jess shows Theo the skeleton, explaining the process she will use for disarticulating it. Jess shows him the reference images she is using, mentioning that she will soon be viewing the original in the National Gallery. Theo mentions his thesis, asking if he can come. Jess agrees, and takes a moment to apologize for her behavior over the bike.
Back at Raines’s lab, the conservator has uncovered the signature of Thomas J. Scott, who painted the portrait Jess and Theo will be viewing. Raines explains that it is not a coincidence; owners of horses famous enough to be painted were part of a small, elite group. Jess clarifies that “Lexington” is not a reference to the location where the horse was painted, but instead his name.
Jarret and Darley travel with Ten Broeck to Natchez, Mississippi by riverboat. Jarret refused the accommodations Ten Broeck reserved for him, preferring to stay with Darley. After Darley won his final race as Harry’s horse, Harry asserted his right to his percentage of Darley’s winnings. Ten Broeck conceded, then offered Dr. Warfield twice what Harry could have paid for Jarret’s freedom to secure Jarret for himself.
Ten Broeck and Viley have changed Darley’s name to Lexington. Ten Broeck is sending Lexington and Jarret to a plantation called Fatherland, where Lexington will be trained under a man named John Pryor. Ten Broeck presumes Pryor will mentor Jarret as Jarret continues to work closely with Lexington. In Natchez, Jarret and Ten Broeck visit a barber shop belonging to a free Black man named William Johnson, who voices his skepticism that Pryor will prove cooperative. At Fatherland, Pryor, immediately rough and harsh in his handling of Lexington, banishes Jarret from the stables.
Jarret is relegated to the quarters of the enslaved residents of the plantation. He asks Ben, a messenger, to ask William Johnson if he will write to Ten Broeck and explain what happened. Jarret tries to stay appraised of Lexington’s status, tormented by their separation. When the cotton harvesting season begins, Jarret is required to participate. He is struck by the profound difference between his own experience as the son of a celebrated horse trainer and those of the enslaved people forced into agricultural labor.
Before going to view the painting of Lexington, Jess and Theo, accompanied by Clancy, meet for lunch. Jess comes to appreciate the closeness of the bond between Theo and Clancy. Jess notices an irregularity in the bones of Theo’s hand, and asks how he came to break it. Theo shares that it happened during an Oxford polo match, and that injuries are common. Jess asks if it was the physical demands which caused him to quit, but Theo avoids answering. He is flooded with memories of the racism and ostracism he experienced in boarding school and at university. Despite his superlative athletic skill and the prestige and success it afforded his team, his achievements never earned him respect or acceptance. He only tells Jess, “I guess I loved it more than it loved me” (168). Theo finds himself drawn to Jess, intrigued by her directness, her curiosity, and her ability to quickly win Clancy over.
Jarret is summoned to the stallion barn and finds Lexington in a severe state of colic. Lexington had broken into the feed store and gorged himself on corn. Jarret is furious that Pryor waited to summon him while Lexington’s condition worsened. Jarret takes charge, demanding resources he requires. After Jarret treats Lexington, Pryor attempts to dismiss him, but Jarret refuses. Jarret asserts that if Pryor had allowed him to remain with Lexington, Lexington never would have had the opportunity to overeat. Pryor relents, and Jarret moves into Lexington’s stall.
Inseparable again, Jarret leaves Lexington only to visit an enslaved man named Jack, who has begun teaching Jarret to read. When he feels Lexington has recovered sufficiently, Jarret begins riding Lexington again, easing slowly into a carefully structured conditioning routine. On the flat, Jarret spends time developing Lexington’s library of verbal commands. Jarret is careful to keep an eye out for long-term adverse effects of Lexington’s colic. Lexington and Jarret are summoned to New Orleans for a race. Even Pryor expresses his disapproval that Ten Broeck would decide to race Lexington so soon.
Theo and Jess stand before a 2 x 3-foot Thomas J. Scott portrait of Lexington, a later rendering than Theo’s painting. Lexington has grown into his body, no longer a gangly colt but a powerful, remarkable example of intentional heredity and careful, expert conditioning. They learn that it was acquired as part of Martha Jackson’s collection, which was gifted to the museum upon her death in 1980. Martha, a well-known gallerist and art dealer in mid-20th-century Manhattan, was known for her exclusive interest in modern art. The presence of a 19th-century equine painting is a notable exception.
Martha was a friend of Jackson Pollock. When Jess mentions Pollock’s death in a car accident, Theo is reminded of the moment he learned his father’s official vehicle had crashed while he was on assignment, killing him. The dean of students had been the one to inform him. When Theo asked for his mother, he was told she would call him later, but she never came to visit. He thinks about how his mother would surely disapprove of the time he has been spending with Jess, and his growing fondness for her.
In 1954, Martha Jackson watches as Jackson Pollock, furious with a critic’s review, defiantly flings paint at his canvas. His wife, Lee Krasner, sits nearby, ready to intervene when Pollock inevitably collapses upon completion of the project. Martha appreciates Pollock’s work, and has been instrumental in improving his notoriety, but resents the needy, selfish, and manipulative behavior he uses to control her friend. Martha and Lee, both aspiring artists, met when Martha first moved to New York City. Despite expert instruction and her best efforts, Martha had realized with regret that she herself would never be a great artist. Her instructor encouraged her to nurture her natural talent for discernment and embrace her potential as a gallerist and art dealer. Now the owner of a small gallery, Martha has earned the respect, loyalty, and admiration of artists and collectors alike.
The theme of Characteristics of Racism in Various Historical Periods resurfaces in these chapters with Jess and Theo. Racism in Horse manifests relative to the place and time in which it appears, varying in overtness. As someone in the 21st century, educated in the history of racism within America, Jess recognizes and feels ashamed of the ingrained prejudice that caused her to assume Theo was a thief. Theo and Jess are able to overcome their awkward meeting in favor of their mutual interest in Lexington, and they eventually enter a romantic relationship. However, Theo is reluctant to delve into subjects related to race with Jess. When Jess asks about why he stopped playing polo, her inquiry is innocent, but it dredges up painful memories because Theo’s departure from his beloved sport was prompted by pervasive, unrelenting racism.
As horsemen, Jarret and Theo share similar experiences, despite the century and a half distance at which they find themselves. Both are young Black men of considerable skill who contribute to shared athletic achievements to the benefit of white participants. Jarret is responsible for Lexington’s incredible successes on the turf, earning Lexington’s successive owners’ vast quantities of money and fame, while Theo, as a star polo player, led his team to multiple victories and proved himself invaluable on the pitch. Despite these contributions, Jarret is treated according to his enslaved status, and Theo is bullied in person and through aggressive graffiti based on his identity. Both are ostracized by the community surrounding the equine sports they love, unable to carve out a place for themselves where they are free from prejudice and able to excel. In the end, Theo quits polo because he can no longer endure the harassment, while Jarret moves to Canada after Lexington’s death, unwilling to endure persistent American prejudice without his horse.
The racism Jarret endures is at its worst during Jarret’s time with Pryor. Despite being the authority on Lexington’s needs, he is cast aside and only summoned when Pryor cannot solve Lexington’s colic. Pryor waits so long to summon Jarret that he places Lexington in great danger; it is later hinted that this incident, in which Lexington was able to overeat due to negligence, is the likely cause of Lexington’s progressive blindness. The fact that this story is untold—and might remain that way forever—relates to the theme of The Lost Stories Within American Racing History. If Jarret had been permitted to remain with Lexington, the incident would never have occurred; similarly, with Jarret’s story lost to history, it is unlikely that anyone besides the reader will ever know the full truth.
In his undeniable incompetence as a trainer and barn manager, Pryor is forced to relent to Jarret’s insistence that he be allowed to stay with Lexington. Lexington is, after all, owned by Ten Broeck. It is possible that Pryor concedes the issue not because of Jarret’s knowledge as a horseman, but because he fears the consequences of causing permanent damage or death to a horse entrusted to his care. Ten Broeck’s inaction, despite Jarret’s attempts to contact him, causes concern as to the true nature of his intentions with respect to Lexington. That Ten Broeck would schedule a race for Lexington so soon after his bout of colic raises suspicion in Jarret’s mind.
Finally, the theme of Legacy, Heritage, and Inheritance reappears with Martha Jackson. Jess and Theo find it unusual that Martha, a gallerist known exclusively for her curation of mid-20th-century art, gifted a portrait of Lexington to the museum. Her donation embodies the theme in its entirety; in lieu of gifting her pieces to individuals upon her death, Martha chose for her legacy as an art curator—something she could not have accomplished without the privileges from her own inheritance—to continue through accessibility to the public. The question of how such a painting ended up in her gallery is answered in later chapters.
By Geraldine Brooks