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51 pages 1 hour read

Gloria Whelan

Homeless Bird

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2000

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Chapters 9-11Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 9 Summary

Maa Kamala arranges a job for Koly: She’ll work with one of the other widows, Tanu, making marigold garlands in the market. These garlands are used in weddings and funerals. Koly shows skill at the work and quickly becomes efficient. Her employer, Mr. Govind, is even more impressed when Koly suggests an excellent resolution after the wrong kinds of flowers are delivered. Koly and Tanu become friends as they work together. A bracelet seller in the market notices their garlands and asks whether they’re interested in bead work. He gives them materials to make bangles at home in the evenings and says if they do a good job, he’ll let them each keep one.

Koly saves half of her wages from the garland shop and gives the other half to the widow’s house to pay her expenses. In addition, she’s able to start receiving her pension from the government now that she has a mailing address. She and Tanu plan to get their own place together someday, using their savings. When she isn’t making bangles in the evenings, Koly reads Tagore’s poems to the other widows at Maa Kamala’s house. Raji comes to visit and hears the poetry but admits that he hasn’t learned to read. Koly offers to teach him and gives him a lesson every evening. Through these lessons, a close friendship grows between them. Raji tells Koly that he hates living in the city and is eager to return to his home village once he saves enough money to plant crops on the land he inherited.

One day, Raji takes Koly to his favorite spot along the river, outside the city. The rushing water reminds her of washing clothes in the river for Sass, but she realizes that she’s much happier now. Raji tells her that he has nearly enough money to return to his village and will want a wife when he goes. Koly considers how kind and clever he is. She thinks any woman would be lucky to marry him but doesn’t say anything. He seems on the verge of saying more but doesn’t. After that night, Raji stops showing up at Maa Kamala’s house for his reading lessons.

Several weeks pass, but Koly doesn’t see or hear from Raji. The rich lady who finances the widow’s house, Mrs. Devi, visits. Koly expects her to be ostentatiously dressed and superior in manner; instead, Mrs. Devi wears high-quality but subdued clothes, and her manner is warm and kind. Maa Kamala asks Koly and Tanu to give Mrs. Devi a tour of the rooms, and she notices a quilt that Koly embroidered. Impressed, Mrs. Devi offers to get Koly a job in a shop that makes fine saris. The owner, she says, is looking for artistic embroiderers with original ideas. She says she’ll take Koly to see him the next day.

Chapter 10 Summary

When Mrs. Devi takes her to the sari shop, Koly experiences riding in a car and feeling air conditioning for the first time. On the way, Mrs. Devi tells Koly about her family. Her paternal grandmother was widowed and abandoned in Vrindavan. Her son—Mrs. Devi’s baap—was told that his mother had died. He learned the truth and spent years looking for her in Vrindavan but never found her. Eventually, he became wealthy. When he died, he left money in his will for a widow’s house, which is why Mrs. Devi funds Maa Kamala’s house.

Koly meets the sari maker, Mr. Das. He asks her to show him what she can do. He doesn’t want her to copy another design but to show what’s in her own mind. Koly stitches an image of the heron that she and Raji saw at the river. Pleased, Mr. Das tells her to come back the next day to begin her new job. The pay rate he offers is three times what she makes stringing marigolds. Working for Mr. Das and being encouraged to create her own designs, Koly stitches her memories. This way, she can symbolically keep or get back what she lost. Koly makes friends with the other women who work for Mr. Das and is happily surprised to realize that they judge her not by her age but by the quality of her work.

One of the women is 19-year-old Mala. She’s sophisticated and confident, and Koly is eager to befriend her. Mala invites Koly to spend the night at her house to “see how delicious freedom is” (180). However, Maa Kamala won’t give Koly permission, saying she knows Mala and that her room is no place for a young girl. Koly is angry and decides to go anyway but to lie about where she is. She tells Maa Kamala that she’s seeing a movie with Tanu but then goes to a party at Mala’s. There, men and women mingle, something unheard of in the social settings Koly is used to. They wear jeans and T-shirts instead of traditional garments. Koly notices an expensive veil that is from Mr. Das’s shop in Mala’s room. Mala says she took it to get back at “the Shrew” (184), the woman who embroidered it. After this, Koly doesn’t want to stay, but Mala introduces her to an artist named Kajal, and Koly feels that she’ll look foolish if she leaves.

Kajal pressures Koly, saying that she must come to his room on her day off so that he can paint her. He urges her to try bhang, which she knows is made from marijuana leaf. Kajal becomes pushy. He gives her a drink, and soon after she tastes it, she feels the room begin to whirl. A musician named Binu tells her that Kajal laced the drink with bhang. He helps Koly get back to Maa Kamala’s safely. At work the next day, Mala tells Koly that if she says anything about the veil, she’ll tell Maa Kamala that Koly went to her party and took bhang. Koly feels foolish and angry, but she’s distracted from those emotions when Raji returns the next day.

Chapter 11 Summary

Koly and Raji go to the river to talk. Koly tells him about the night at Mala’s. She worries that he’ll judge her for it, but he says it’s in the past. In his village, Raji has been fixing up his family’s house, and a government man is teaching him how to make his land more fertile. He tells Koly that he must go back soon, but he wants her to go with him as his wife. He doesn’t want an arranged marriage, like the unhappy one between his parents. Koly assures Raji that she cares for him. She wants to say yes but is hesitant to leave her embroidery work with Mr. Das and her friends from Maa Kamala’s house. She tells Raji she isn’t saying no but thinks they should wait a bit. They agree to write to each other in the meantime.

Koly and Tanu move out of Maa Kamala’s house and rent a room together in a building that four families share. Mr. Das catches Mala stealing and fires her. In the heat and dust of the dry season, city life begins to wear on Koly. She longs for her future with Raji in the rural village that his weekly letters describe. In one letter, Raji writes that he’s working on a surprise for Koly. When it’s finally finished, he tells her that he has built a room in the house for her embroidery work. The room has windows on two sides, so she can look out on the courtyard and tamarind tree or on the fields where he’ll be working. Because of Raji’s thoughtfulness, Koly’s lingering doubts about marrying him vanish. She begins embroidering a new dowry quilt and tells him that they’ll marry when it’s finished.

Mr. Das agrees to let Koly do her work from home. She’ll visit the city every few months to bring him finished work and get new materials. She promises him that she’ll make time, even with a household and children to care for. In return, he promises to give her a fine sari as part of her dowry. Tanu and Koly are both sad about parting. They’ll miss each other greatly, but Koly promises to visit whenever she comes to the city. Hearing of Koly’s marriage plans, Mrs. Devi commissions Koly to embroider a sari for her from her new home. She asks that Koly find something from Tagore’s poems to use as the sari’s border. Koly immediately decides to stitch the homeless bird, “flying at last to its home” (211).

Chapters 9-11 Analysis

A motif emerges in these final chapters that juxtaposes rural life and nature. Koly notes, “I thought often of the room Raji had built for me. There would be no sound of automobiles or motorcycles or buses. Instead, I would hear the rustle of the leaves of the tamarind tree and the sound of the birds that nested there” (207). This juxtaposition symbolizes Koly’s choice between marrying Raji or continuing to live in the city among her friends. She was socialized to believe a woman must exist within predetermined, rigidly defined social roles. Therefore, she initially assumes that marrying Raji will mean giving up her job and that living among birds, rivers, and trees will mean giving up her friendships in the city:

And what of my embroidery at Mr. Das’s place, and my friends at Maa Kamala’s house? I could see myself in two places, with Raji and in Mr. Das’s workroom, but I could not see myself in just one place. ‘How could I give up my work?’ I asked Raji. ‘What would I do?’ (197).

However, the arrangement that Mr. Das offers solves Koly’s dilemma. By continuing her embroidery work from home and visiting the city every three months, she can have the best of both worlds. This symbolizes Koly’s multifaceted identity and her freedom from the limitations of gender norms and traditions. In addition, this arrangement represents the resolution of Koly’s character arc, which thematically portrays her Coming-of-Age as a Journey from Helplessness to Independence. Koly’s experiences in her arranged marriage to Hari and in the Mehta household taught her about being helpless and having little or no control over her life. She worked hard to achieve independence, navigating a callous pension system, protecting herself from predators, working diligently, and saving her money. She and Tanu are proud of creating their own place. If in marrying Raji she had lost that opportunity for independence forever, the novel’s ending may have differed dramatically, but Koly avoids that scenario. Instead, as a result of being abandoned by Sass and having the good fortune to meet helpful people, Koly can choose a marriage based on love and compatibility and continue to surround herself with good people. She earns her transformation from helplessness to independence. Her house may not always be spotless, and her cooking may be hasty in order to maintain her job and income, but for Koly, this compromise is small for breaking free from the gender norms of a social system that oppresses women by making them helpless.

Through the symbolic images that Koly embroiders on her quilt, she accepts the hardships of her past and savors its joys. Both the good and bad things she has experienced define who she is. For example, she stitches marigold garlands in honor of Hari. Her marriage into his family was traumatic, but she’s stronger now, and she’s healing. The design of silver hoops symbolizes the idea that she hasn’t truly lost anything. She made her way without the money her silver earrings would have brought her and retains her memory of what the earrings meant to her. Like the earrings that had once been her mother’s, an image of a tamarind tree connects Koly to her childhood and her parents. The tree reminds her of the tamarind in her maa and baap’s courtyard. At the same time, it brings to mind the tamarind tree Raji has planted in the home they’ll soon share, creating a thread that links her past, present, and future. Raji tells Koly that he planted the tree because the Vedas (Hindu scriptures) say, “He who plants a tree will have his reward” (200). Marrying Koly is his reward. To Raji, then, the tamarind tree symbolizes Koly’s inherent value, not as an economic commodity but as a woman with whom he can grow a future, building a home and a family with strong roots.

The home Koly and Raji will make together completes the story’s thematic message about Defining “Home” in Terms of Love and Belonging. Koly’s time with her own family and with Hari’s was defined by their sense of poverty and their need to prioritize financial concerns above all else. They valued her for her economic worth rather than her inner qualities as a person, such as her strength, kindness, and creativity. Because of this, Koly never felt she really belonged. Without love, she couldn’t feel at home. Instead, she saw herself as Tagore’s homeless bird, “always flying on to somewhere else” (74), somewhere she’d find love and belonging. When Raji proposes, he tells Koly they’ll be poor at first but adds: “If we have water and food and a roof over our heads, that is all we need” (196). Koly will finally be part of a family that doesn’t prioritize money over her happiness. When she imagines her embroidery room “taking shape in Raji’s mind, and then being built with his hands” (206), her last doubts about marrying him vanish. She knows she’ll find love and belonging with him. She can stitch Tagore’s homeless bird as the border for Mrs. Devi’s sari, but the bird will be “flying at last to its home” (212), just like Koly.

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