49 pages • 1 hour read
Safia ElhilloA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Photographs are a motif that develops the theme of Imagination as a Coping Mechanism. Looking at pictures of her parents at a party, Nima notes that they are “glamorous in black & white / photographed in sepia frozen in a perfect time” (13). Photographs depict memories, but these are memories of a time before Nima’s birth, so she has no reality to frame her viewing of the images. Contrasting to her own life, these pictures are both glamorous and perfect to Nima. Envisioning these happy scenes allows her to cope with her loneliness. Because she was not actually there for any of the photos, they represent what she longs for and believes is missing in her life now: joy, love, and belonging.
The yearning for a sense of belonging evident in Nima’s attachment to the photographs also fuels the theme of The Struggle to Belong Within the Diaspora. Nima battles to fit in anywhere in America. However, when she visits her parent’s house in Sudan, she gazes at the faces in the photographs and thinks, “all of them my people all of them unknown / i peer into each face & feel for the first time / that i belong to other people my face just a collage / of all their faces” (128). These unfamiliar images allow Nima to feel connected to others for the first time in her life. Given that these pictures are in Sudan and not America, the impact of the diaspora on her is clear. Only photos from her homeland make her feel like she belongs until Nima sees new images of herself and her mother in America in the portal and begins to feel belonging and acceptance for all parts of herself, Sudanese and American.
Throughout the narrative, water represents clarity and calm. When Nima is in the bathtub, she experiences moments of clear-headedness. After arguing with Haitham, she reflects on her own actions while in the water: “in the bathtub i replay it all behind my eyes / embarrassed by my overreaction” (56). In retrospect, Nima recognizes that her emotion-fueled response to Haitham caused their conversation to morph into a fight. It is also in the bathtub when she begins to see herself shimmer like a ghost. These are moments when Nima views herself as less than whole. Water, however, is not just symbolic in the bathtub, but also in the stranger’s swimming pool. When she is above the surface “the world [is] so loud / & violent in its color after the dark silence of the water” (94). The volume equates to the whirlwind of challenges she faces. However, beneath the pool’s surface, her thoughts and the world are quiet, meaning she can find peace. Later, when she tumbles into the river with Yasmeen, the water provides clarity on her relationship to the other girl: “under the water / [...] i am almost calm the thoughts / unspooling slowly before me i understand her plan” (155). Even though she can only stay underwater for a brief time, her thoughts slowly unfold, suggesting that time decelerates, not literally, but figuratively, representing the calmness she experiences. It is only when Nima is underwater that she can fully understand what is happening with Yasmeen, that they are not friends but foes. The understanding associated with water is reinforced one more time when Nima returns through the portal into the bathtub. Soaking wet, she hugs her mother and understands that the woman is Nima’s true home.
Yellow is a symbol that represents vivacity and happiness both in Nima’s imagination and reality. When she concocts a story about her mother’s past life, Nima envisions Aisha as the “life of the party / a girl in a yellow dress who was going / to be a dancer loved & laughing / & never lonely” (37). In Nima’s mind, Aisha’s zest for life is always accompanied by the yellow dress, which she equates with happiness and laughter. This idea is solidified in Nima’s mind when she also envisions a perfect version of herself as Yasmeen who wears yellow ribbons in her hair; furthermore, when Aisha works late, Nima often puts on her mother’s yellow dress, imagining herself as Yasmeen, beautiful and joyous. Finally, after returning from her journey into the past, Nima can embrace her own happiness and accept her life in America. This is punctuated in the final poem, “Yellow,” in which Nima’s mother gifts the dress to her daughter and Nima thinks, “i feel warm in the yellow / in my belonging to her as she names me my precious girl / my graceful one” (211). The warmth Nima feels is joy at finally feeling happy and loved. Ultimately, yellow embodies Nima’s transformation from a girl who only imagines happiness to one who embraces the joy surrounding her.
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