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Roald DahlA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Returning home late at night, Dahl finds his silver Arab sword missing. Dahl’s anxiety grows until Mdisho appears, holding the sword stained with dried blood. Mdisho recounts his journey to a German sisal planter’s house, motivated by hearing about the war. He had killed the German, decapitating him with Dahl’s sword, and returned, believing his act of violence was a triumph. Dahl refrains from expressing disapproval and instead explains the gravity of Mdisho’s actions and the possible repercussions from authorities. Although Mdisho struggles to understand why he couldn’t share his deed with others, Dahl stresses the necessity of secrecy to avoid severe consequences.
To mitigate Mdisho’s disappointment, Dahl announces his plan to join the war as a pilot, indicating he will soon leave for training. He gifts the sword to Mdisho as a token of bravery, instructing him to clean it thoroughly and keep it if it were a going-away present. Mdisho, despite initial reluctance, accepts the gift, proud yet somber, agreeing to keep the details of his act confidential.
In November 1939, Dahl joins the RAF to fight in the war and leaves his job at the Shell Company. He embarks on a solo journey from Dar es Salaam to Nairobi, encountering wildlife such as giraffes and elephants. When he arrives, he passes a medical examination despite concerns about his height and joins a group of 16 trainees. They train in Tiger Moths, a reliable and maneuverable biplane ideal for beginners. The training is rigorous, involving flying exercises and lectures from early morning to late afternoon. The Tiger Moths allow them to practice advanced maneuvers like loops, spins, and forced landings.
The initial training in Nairobi lasts eight weeks, followed by advanced training in Habbaniya, Iraq. This remote and harsh RAF outpost is equipped with Hawker Harts, a more powerful aircraft with machine guns. The intense heat requires a break from flying during the hottest part of the day, and the trainees faced various challenges, including scorpion stings and heatstroke. After six months, they earn their wings and are divided into fighter and bomber pilots. Dahl becomes a Pilot Officer and a fighter pilot, then moves to an RAF station on the Suez Canal before being posted to 80 Squadron to fight against the Italians in Libya.
On September 19, 1940, Dahl sets off from Abu Suweir in his Gladiator, navigating with a map and no radio. He searches for his squadron’s airfield but finds only rugged desert. As dusk falls and his fuel runs low, he is forced to make a crash landing, resulting in a fractured skull, facial injuries, and temporary blindness. A British patrol finds him and transports him to Alexandria.
The hospital stay is a grueling phase in his recovery. Initially, he is heavily bandaged, unable to see, and in considerable pain. He believes that his blindness will be permanent, but Nurse Mary Welland’s care helps him see again. Nurse Welland’s daily routine involves bathing his eyes and gently working to reduce the swelling and remove blood crusts. Her efforts eventually pay off when, after several days, one of his eyelids begins to open, allowing him to see light and colors for the first time since the crash. He undergoes multiple surgeries, including a facial reconstruction by a renowned plastic surgeon.
After four months of treatment, Dahl is finally able to leave his bed and begin walking. He spends additional convalescence time in Alexandria, living with a hospitable English family, the Peels, who provided a nurturing environment for his continued recovery. This period allows him to regain his strength and prepare for his return to active duty.
Eventually, he is declared fit for flying duties and is eager to rejoin his squadron. However, he learns that 80 Squadron had moved to Greece and transitioned from Gladiators to Hurricane aircraft. He faces the daunting task of quickly learning to fly the more advanced Hurricane and making a non-stop flight across the Mediterranean to join his comrades in Greece.
When he lands at 80 Squadron’s base in Elevsis, Greece, Dahl quickly learns the dire situation of the RAF in Greece. The British forces consist of a mere 15 Hurricanes and a few other small planes, vastly outnumbered by the German Luftwaffe. One of the first people he meets is David Coke, who ends up becoming one of his closest friends in the squadron. Coke is astonished at Dahl’s inexperience and appalled that he was sent into combat with no training on a Hurricane. He gives Dahl some advice about air combat, stressing the importance of constant vigilance and keeping an eye on his rear-view mirror.
The following morning, Dahl is sent on his first patrol. He is directed to intercept enemy bombers over Khalkis, a city in Greece. Flying over the mountains, he spots six Ju 88 bombers and engages them. He pushes his Hurricane to the limit, dodging tracer fire from the bombers’ rear gunners. He manages to hit the engine of one Ju 88, causing it to smoke and the crew to bail out.
Returning to base, he inspects his mostly undamaged Hurricane, except for a single bullet hole in the propeller. The Squadron-Leader’s reaction is terse, with no praise or acknowledgment of Dahl’s success. One of the few remaining pilots was killed that day, so the Squadron-Leader had bigger things on his mind.
Early in the morning, Dahl is ordered to patrol over Khalkis, where an ammunition ship is being targeted by German bombers. He arrives to find the ship still being unloaded by the Greeks, and he is distracted by the beauty of the landscape. Suddenly, a German Ju 88 bomber attacks, catching Dahl off guard. He narrowly escapes by pulling his plane into a vertical climb, temporarily losing consciousness. When he regains control, his Hurricane is sputtering, but he manages to stabilize it. Spotting the bomber heading for the ammunition ship, Dahl dives and fires, forcing the Ju 88 into the water.
As he momentarily revels in his success, Dahl is horrified to find himself surrounded by dozens of Messerschmitt 109 fighters. Realizing the danger of his situation, he decides to fly dangerously low over the terrain to evade them. He maneuvers slightly above the ground, leaping over obstacles and narrowly avoiding disaster. The German fighters eventually abandon their pursuit, and Dahl returns to his base at Elevsis. Returning to base, Dahl reports the news that the German fighters could now reach their airfield, signaling an imminent threat to their operations.
In these chapters, the story changes from a travelogue to a war memoir. This transition is evident in Chapter 7, where the narrative changes from the excitement of Dahl’s solo journey to Nairobi, filled with vivid descriptions of wildlife, to a more focused and serious account of his flight training with the RAF. The chapter begins with an almost playful recounting of giraffes and elephants encountered along the way, but as Dahl enters the RAF training, the tone shifts to one of discipline and preparation for combat, indicating a turning point in the memoir from adventure to military narrative. This structural shift mirrors Dahl’s transformation from a young man seeking adventure to a soldier confronting the realities of war.
As Dahl transitions to his military training and subsequent combat experiences in these chapters, the theme of The Absurdity and Tragedy of War becomes more pronounced. During his training, Dahl and his fellow pilots are taught to fly outdated Gloster Gladiators—aircraft that are already obsolete by the time they are deployed. This situation highlights the inefficiency and carelessness often associated with wartime preparations, where young men are sent into battle with inadequate equipment. The mismatch between their rigorous training and the reality of the outdated machinery they must use symbolizes the tragic waste of life that characterizes much of war. In Chapter 10, Dahl reflects on the staggering losses he and his comrades suffered during their training and early combat experiences, noting that out of 16 trainees, 13 were killed within two years. Dahl’s reflection is not just a lament for his lost comrades but also a critique of the system that trained them only to send them into a battle where their survival was largely out of their control. The fact that these men were trained meticulously, only to be cut down so quickly, illustrates the disconnect between preparation and reality in wartime. This disillusionment is central to Dahl’s exploration of the futility of war; the extensive training and the promise of becoming skilled pilots ultimately serve no purpose in the face of the indiscriminate nature of death in combat.
Imagery is a prominent literary element in these chapters, particularly in Dahl’s descriptions of both the African landscape and the experiences of war. Dahl’s description of his plane crash is laden with intense sensory imagery, such as the “mighty whoosh” of the exploding fuel tanks and the “scorching-hot” side of the desert he must escape from. Dahl’s use of imagery extends to his descriptions of the aftermath of the crash, where he details his injuries and the environment with a stark, almost clinical precision. For instance, he describes his struggle to move away from the burning wreckage, noting how the intense heat “galvanised my soggy brain into action” (105). The imagery here is not just visual but also tactile, as Dahl emphasizes the physical sensations—the scorching heat, the blinding darkness, the searing pain—that dominate his experience. Dahl relies more on non-visual imagery after he loses his sight. For example, he describes his heightened sense of hearing, noting the “tinkling of [medical] instruments” and the “soft voices” (110) of the medical staff around him. These auditory details create a soundscape that replaces the lost visual world. The description of sound and touch, like the warmth of the nurse’s breath or the gentle pressure of her fingers, serves to convey the intimacy and immediacy of his new sensory reality.
These chapters continue to use personal letters and references to broader historical events to provide context and depth. In Chapter 9, Dahl describes his time at the RAF base in Habbaniya, a remote and harsh environment where the focus shifted to survival and preparation for combat. His letters to his mother during this period reflect a mix of bravado and underlying anxiety, as he downplays the dangers of his situation while acknowledging the increasing gravity of his experiences. Dahl’s letters capture the theme of Adventure and Exploration amidst Conflict as he grapples with the excitement of his new experiences and the dangers they entail. The RAF base, with its extreme heat, isolation, and the looming threat of combat, became both a site of adventure and a crucible where the harsh realities of war are ever-present. Dahl’s description of the landscape around Habbaniya, in the “middle of a boiling desert on the banks of the muddy Euphrates river miles from anywhere” (96), evokes a sense of desolation but also of boundless space. The harshness of the setting serves as a reminder of the war’s omnipresence, even as Dahl and his comrades find moments of camaraderie and levity amidst the preparation for conflict.
By Roald Dahl
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