44 pages • 1 hour read
Roald DahlA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Background
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Key Figures
Themes
Index of Terms
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
On April 17-19, the situation in Greece continues to worsen. Fewer pilots return from their missions, and the squadron’s numbers dwindle rapidly as each engagement takes its toll. By April 19, the squadron is left with 12 Hurricanes and 12 pilots. All 12 of the remaining Hurricanes in Greece are instructed to fly in formation in Athens as a show of force, led by the legendary Flight-Lieutenant Pat Pattle. As they circle above the city, the German Luftwaffe launches a massive assault, with hundreds of enemy fighters overwhelming the Hurricanes. The squadron breaks formation, and each pilot is left to fend for himself in a chaotic dogfight. The ensuing battle is known as the Battle of Athens.
During the frenzied combat, Dahl witnesses several Hurricanes being shot down. He manages to engage multiple enemy aircraft, though the overwhelming number makes it impossible to track his effectiveness. With his ammunition depleted and his plane badly damaged, Dahl manages to steer his unresponsive Hurricane back to Elevsis. Landing safely, Dahl finds his aircraft riddled with bullet holes.
The toll is heavy: five of the 12 Hurricanes were lost, and four pilots were killed, including Pat Pattle and Flight-Lieutenant Timber Woods, the second most experienced pilot in the squadron. Observers on the ground claim that 22 German planes were shot down, though the pilots themselves do not know who was responsible for each victory. The squadron is left with only seven serviceable Hurricanes to cover the retreating British forces.
After the battle, Dahl and David Coke are attempting to wash off the sweat when they are suddenly ground-strafed by a line of Messerschmitt 109s. The two pilots take cover on the grass, narrowly avoiding the bullets kicking up around them. The German planes, mistaking the vulnerability of the airfield’s defenses, make only one swift pass before retreating. Remarkably, none of the Hurricanes are hit, and the pilots are ordered to leave immediately. Dahl quickly checks his aircraft, which had been hastily repaired by the ground crew, and takes off along with the remaining Hurricanes. They circle for about an hour, hoping for another attack to retaliate from a higher altitude, but the Germans do not return. Dahl goes on two more missions that afternoon to combat Ju 88 bombers targeting Piraeus harbor.
That night, the remaining pilots are instructed to move to a secret landing field near Megara at dawn. As they await further orders, a large black car arrives, revealing the Air Commodore who hands Dahl a mysterious, vital package to be delivered back to Elevsis. When he reaches the deserted airfield, he hands over the package to a man named Carter. He quickly returns to Megara, where the remaining pilots take off and fly in formation to Argos. They meet the Squadron-Leader there, who tells them that their mission is to patrol over the fleet that evening. The seven of them are responsible for protecting the air over all of Greece.
After leaving the Squadron-Leader’s tent, Coke and Dahl search the camp for food. As they sit under an olive tree between their two Hurricanes, they discuss their bleak situation and the likelihood of a German attack. Their fears are confirmed when a Messerschmitt 110 conducts a low reconnaissance over the camp.
The Adjutant comes with orders for all seven Hurricanes to patrol over the fleet at six o’clock. Dahl and Coke argue that this would coincide with the expected German attack, but the orders remain unchanged. At six o’clock precisely, Dahl takes off, followed closely by Coke. They fly out to sea, searching for the Royal Navy, but find no ships. They later learn the evacuation was happening further west at Kalamata, where the navy was heavily bombed by German planes.
Returning to the airfield, they find it engulfed in smoke from a recent attack. Landing through the thick smoke, they discover that Messerschmitts had strafed the camp, but there were surprisingly few casualties. The Adjutant gathers the surviving pilots and informs them that the five most senior pilots would fly the remaining Hurricanes to Crete immediately. The rest, including Dahl, would be evacuated by a small aircraft waiting in a nearby field.
They land in the Western Desert of Libya and are driven to Alexandria, where they are warmly welcomed and cared for by the Peel family, with whom Dahl had lived when he was convalescing. Over breakfast, they discuss the disastrous campaign in Greece, noting the heavy losses and the subsequent impact on the Allied forces in the Western Desert.
After the Germans take Greece in May 1941, they then turn their attention to the Middle East. The British, aware of the strategic threat, quickly initiate the Syrian Campaign to dislodge the Vichy French and prevent the Germans from gaining a foothold that could allow them to march into Egypt through the back door. The remnants of 80 Squadron are tasked with providing air cover for the army and navy during this campaign. About a dozen new Hurricanes are sent from England to replace those lost in Greece.
At their base in Haifa, Dahl and his squadron are kept busy protecting the navy from frequent German air raids. One day, Dahl is tasked with scouting a small, secret landing field behind Mount Carmel, intended as a fallback if Haifa was bombed. He discovers it is occupied by Jewish refugees, mostly orphans, led by a tall, bearded man with a German accent. Dahl, unfamiliar with the broader context of Jewish persecution and displacement at the time, struggles to understand the gravity of their situation. The man’s perspective seems to transcend the immediate war, viewing their struggle as part of a much longer historical conflict. Despite Dahl’s attempts to draw parallels between their struggles and the ongoing war, the man emphasizes the unique and enduring nature of their fight for a homeland. He describes the Jews’ need for a country of their own, comparing their situation to other peoples who had their own nations. Throughout the conversation, the man’s intense, almost prophetic demeanor leaves a lasting impression on Dahl. He realizes that the man sees their immediate struggle against Hitler as a temporary issue, whereas his battle for a homeland is a deeply rooted, existential one.
After flying intensively at Haifa for four weeks, Dahl begins to experience severe headaches, which lead to blackouts. The squadron doctor attributes this to Dahl’s prior head injuries and deems him unfit to fly, resulting in his being invalided home to Britain. He embarks on a journey home via several troop-ships, facing frequent attacks by U-boats and German bombers, but they eventually reach Liverpool safely.
In Liverpool, Dahl struggles to find his family’s new address. Laden with his kit-bag and sacks of supplies, he travels by train to London and then to Hampstead to stay with his half-sister, who provides him with his mother’s new telephone number. Calling his mother is an emotional reunion, and they arrange for Dahl to visit the next day. He makes his way to Marylebone Station, catches a train to Aylesbury, and then takes a bus to Grendon Underwood. Upon arriving, he is warmly welcomed by his mother, who had been eagerly waiting for him at the cottage gate.
The Battle of Athens is the first and only battle that Dahl names. While his earlier sorties are portrayed as individual engagements, often carried out alone and with limited strategic impact, the Battle of Athens represented a major, coordinated effort involving all available pilots and aircraft. The smaller sorties, though dangerous, were more routine and isolated, lacking the sense of urgency and collective effort that defined the Battle of Athens. The decision to name this event sets it apart from the earlier, more fragmented encounters, signaling that this was a turning point in Dahl’s wartime experience. The battle was not just another mission; it was a significant confrontation that tested the limits of the pilots’ endurance and bravery. The losses endured during the Battle of Athens are also more pronounced, with the deaths of key figures like Flight-Lieutenant Pat Pattle. This event crystallized the reality of the war, moving from sporadic skirmishes to a full-scale, organized fight for survival, where the stakes are higher and the consequences more severe, reflecting The Absurdity and Tragedy of War.
The Battle of Athens is stretched out over two chapters, which serves several purposes. Firstly, by dividing the battle across two chapters, Dahl creates a sense of extended tension and suspense. Chapter 11 focuses on the aerial combat, the intensity of the dogfights, and the chaotic, adrenaline-fueled experiences of the pilots in the skies. By ending this chapter without a clear resolution, Dahl leaves the reader in a state of suspense, mirroring the uncertainty and ongoing danger the pilots themselves felt during the battle. Chapter 12 then shifts the focus from the sky to the ground, showing the aftermath and ongoing peril faced by the pilots after they land. This chapter describes the personal and emotional fallout of the battle, including the ground-strafing attack that nearly catches Dahl and Coke unprepared. By stretching the battle into this second chapter, Dahl emphasizes that the battle was not just a brief, intense event but a drawn-out ordeal with far-reaching consequences.
Chapter 14, which focuses on Dahl’s experiences in Palestine and his encounters with Jewish refugees, feels distinct from the rest of the book’s wartime narrative. This chapter diverges from the intense, action-oriented accounts of aerial combat, shifting instead to a more observational and reflective tone. The chapter’s focus on Jewish refugees and the situation in Palestine links to the theme of Cultural Encounters and Observation and introduces a broader humanitarian theme. While much of the book deals with the violence and chaos of war, this chapter brings attention to the human cost and the displacement caused by the conflict. By including this chapter, Dahl expands the scope of the book beyond his own experiences as a fighter pilot, acknowledging the wider consequences of the war on civilian populations. The plight of the Jewish refugees serves as a reminder that the impact of the war extended far beyond the battlefield, affecting countless lives. The chapter also provides a contrast to the previous three chapters, which are dominated by the immediacy and intensity of combat. In shifting the focus to Palestine, Dahl offers a moment of reflection and a change of pace, allowing for a broader perspective on the war. Structurally, the chapter serves as a bridge between the intense combat experiences and the subsequent chapter that deals with Dahl’s return to England. It acts as a pause in the narrative, offering a moment of respite and contemplation before the story moves back into Dahl’s more personal and immediate concerns.
Chapter 15 is one of the shortest chapters, indicating that the return home, while significant, is straightforward compared to the intense experiences of combat. The brevity of the chapter suggests a sense of closure and resolution, contrasting with the longer, more detailed chapters that depict the chaos, fear, and confusion of wartime. This structural choice underscores the simplicity of the final act of coming home after the long, arduous journey of war, indicating that Dahl’s journey is reaching a natural conclusion. After the extensive, detailed descriptions of battles and the personal challenges faced by Dahl, this concise chapter encapsulates the emotional weight of returning home without becoming overly sentimental or drawn out. The shortness of the chapter also symbolizes the simplicity and normalcy that home represents. After the complexities of war, home is portrayed as a place where life is simpler and more straightforward. The quick, direct narrative of this chapter reflects the longing for normalcy and the desire to return to a life unencumbered by the horrors of war.
By Roald Dahl
Action & Adventure
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Class
View Collection
Colonialism & Postcolonialism
View Collection
Community
View Collection
Globalization
View Collection
Memorial Day Reads
View Collection
Memory
View Collection
Military Reads
View Collection
Mothers
View Collection
Psychology
View Collection
Self-Help Books
View Collection
Sociology
View Collection
War
View Collection
World War II
View Collection