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47 pages 1 hour read

Jean Craighead George

Frightful's Mountain

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1999

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Character Analysis

Frightful

Frightful is a female peregrine falcon and the novel’s protagonist. The novel is narrated from a limited third-person point of view, which provides insight into Frightful’s thoughts and instincts. Frightful is an unusual protagonist in that she has neither dialogue nor even internal monologue, yet George still employs various techniques to create indirect characterization and offer a sense of the falcon’s interior life and personality. Through the narration’s vivid sensory descriptions, readers can gain understanding of how Frightful perceives the world around her. Her interactions with Sam, as well as her responses to his presence or absence, also reveal her relational quality. However, while she is typically gentle and loving toward Sam, she is also a formidable hunter. She is agile and strong, with wide shoulders and a tapered body. Her shiny legs, dark eyes, and black beak make her a fierce and beautiful bird.

Even in the trilogy’s earlier novels, one of Frightful’s key traits is her faithfulness, which she demonstrates primarily in her attachment to Sam. Frightful first appears in the opening novel, My Side of the Mountain, as a hatchling whom Sam steals from her nest with the intention of training her to hunt for him. When the mother falcon attacks Sam in this scene, the frightening experience inspires the name he bestows on the baby bird. Frightful is raised by Sam and imprints on him as a chick, which means she sees Sam as her mother. This creates the main conflict in Frightful’s Mountain: Frightful is torn between loyalty to Sam and her wild instincts.

This conflict sets the stage for Frightful’s character arc as she journeys toward a deeper connection with the natural world and rediscovers her inborn tendencies. Throughout the novel, she gradually learns how to survive as a free falcon, and though her instincts take time to develop, her will to survive is a good teacher. Frightful must learn to hunt on her own, find a nesting place away from Sam’s mountain, mate, raise young, and migrate. Frightful eventually learns to survive as a free bird while continuing to maintain her connection with Sam. She is given the new name “Destiny” as a confirmation of her new identity as a wild falcon.

Frightful’s character is a fulcrum of the novel’s themes of nature, partly because her experiences are often presented in relation to the natural rhythms and cycles of the environment. By highlighting her responses to changing seasons, migration patterns, and other natural phenomena, the book renders Frightful's perspective as a creature intimately connected to the natural world. Through her descriptions of Frightful, George educates readers about peregrine falcons by showing their majesty, the ways they contribute to the balance of nature, and the dangers they face.

Sam Gribley

Sam is young a man who has lived on a mountain in the Catskills for the past few years. In the trilogy’s first novel, Sam is 12 years old; by the time the narrative commences in Frightful’s Mountain, he is 13 or 14.

Sam has a deep appreciation for the natural world and all the creatures that inhabit it. His most special bond, however, is with Frightful. He has taken care of her since she was a baby and can communicate with her and calm her in ways no one else can. Even though Frightful is special to him, Sam chooses to let Frightful be free and find a mate so that she can have young. His actions show his respect for nature; he does not put his desires above what is best for the natural world. Sam also has humility, learning from nature through observation rather than asserting that he knows best. He celebrates when Frightful succeeds in finding a mate and does all he can to help her and her eyases survive on the bridge despite ongoing construction. Sam shows his selflessness when he chooses to spend his days feeding and calming Frightful. He even builds a temporary shelter nearby so that he can keep an eye on Frightful and her chicks. Sam is caring, self-sacrificing, and tender-hearted. These qualities prompt Zella and Bando to name their daughter Samantha in honor of Sam. Their doing so also confirms the family-like bond that they all share.

Even though Sam’s life on the mountain is simple, it is meaningful. He enjoys fulfilling relationships with friends, his sister, Frightful, and the rest of the natural world and lives in peace and happiness by following his passions.

Chup

Chup is a male peregrine falcon named for the sound of his call to Frightful. He looks similar to Frightful, although he is smaller, and he defers to Frightful as the larger and more powerful bird. Chup’s mate died while away from the nest, so Chup recruits Frightful as his new mate to help him raise three eyases. Since Frightful does not know what to do in her new role as a mother, Chup models how to feed the chicks. Frightful’s experience as Chup’s mate proves important in her journey toward becoming independent of Sam. Chup and his eyases provide a distraction that keeps Frightful from looking for Sam and his mountain home. Furthermore, Chup rejoins Frightful as a mate when 426, her mate later in the novel, does not return to the nest. At the novel’s end, Frightful and Chup make an aerie where they will raise young when spring comes. Chup’s role in the novel is to aid Frightful in her transition in the wild and to model for the reader the role of the male peregrine falcon in raising young. 

426

A male peregrine falcon, 426 is another of Frightful’s mates. His name comes from the number on his tag, given to him by Heinz Meng, a real-life falconer who raised falcons in captivity before releasing them to the wild. (Although alive when George published Frightful’s Mountain, Meng died in 2016.) Frightful and 426 become mates after Frightful spends the winter with Jon Wood, and they raise Blue Bill, Screamer, and Oksi together. Because of the construction on the bridge, 426 is unable to fulfill some of his fatherly duties, and Sam feeds Frightful in his place. However, 426 stays near his mate and offspring, and when the noise on the bridge quiets, he joins his family and cares for them. Thus, 426 serves as another example of the behavior and role of a male falcon, also referred to as a “tiercel.” The death of 426 reminds the reader of the precarious state of birds of prey and the many natural and manmade dangers they face.

The Children of Delhi

George incorporates several of Delhi’s children into the narrative, including Maria, Molly, José, and Hughie. They are around 10 years old and learn about falcons from Leon Longbridge, the local conservation officer. When the kids find out about Frightful’s predicament with her young on the bridge, they want to help her and write letters to the governor of New York asking him to delay work on the bridge. Their letters are successful, although by the time the governor responds, two of Frightful’s eyases have been stolen. The kids also organize a parade through the streets to Delhi to advocate for Frightful and her chicks. Not content to simply read about falcons, the children want to observe them and do what they can to protect them. The kids are brave and resourceful, and they don’t let their youth keep them from working to bring about change. Through them, George demonstrates that young people are capable of successfully advocating for change. 

Jon and Susan Wood

Jon and Susan Wood are a married couple who raise and protect birds of prey on White Man Mountain. Jon is a licensed master falconer, and he and Susan take their birds to local schools to educate students on the importance of birds of prey in nature. Their work helps to raise awareness about the preventable dangers birds of prey face, such as the utility pole wires that electrocute birds. Children are motivated to write letters to the utility company after Jon and Susan have given their presentation about birds at their school.

Jon and Susan help Frightful recover after she is electrocuted and teach her to hunt rats. The couple clearly appreciates Frightful’s beauty and marvels at her abilities, guessing that she may be a trained falcon. Susan gives Frightful the name “Destiny,” sensing that the bird has a special destiny to fulfill. Jon and Susan exemplify what it looks like to be passionate about a cause and to share that passion with others.

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