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57 pages 1 hour read

Laura Ingalls Wilder

Farmer Boy

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1933

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Chapters 6-10Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 6 Summary: “Filling the Ice-House”

Almanzo, Royal, and Father set off on their bobsled to a large pond to saw ice cubes. On the way, Father stops and pets the horses’ noses because they're covered in frost, making it hard for them to breathe.

French Joe and Lazy John wait for them at the pond; they’re ready with a cross-cut saw. French Joe and Lazy John don’t own farms but live in log cabins and sustain themselves by trapping, hunting, and fishing for food. Father hires them for help, paying them with food. The men cut a giant slab of ice from the pond. They then cut the ice slab into big cubes, which Father lifts with giant, metal tongs onto their sled. Almanzo gets too close to the pond’s open, frigid water and starts to fall in. French Joe grabs him and saves him. Father scolds Almanzo but stops short of whipping him for not being careful enough.

Almanzo, Royal, and Father haul the giant ice cubes to their icehouse, a wooden house on their land. They put down lots of sawdust on the floor, which will help keep the ice from melting. Over the next few days, they layer multiple levels of ice cubes and sawdust, filling the icehouse. Almanzo imagines his Mother using one ice block at a time to make ice cream, lemonade, and eggnog.

Chapter 7 Summary: “Saturday Night”

Almanzo loves that Saturday is baking day, but each Saturday night is bath time, which he hates. Mother is cooking donuts (twisted and fried), bread, pies, and other food for the week. After sneaking food, Royal and Almanzo are sent outside to fetch the rain barrel for their bath water.

Since it takes a long time to chisel the frozen rainwater, Almanzo picks up Royal’s hatchet and hits icicles to use instead. They whoop and holler with fun as they hit the icicles. Mother hears the noise and makes sure the rowdy boys are okay.

While the ice melts and Mother cooks beans, ham, and more, Almanzo uses the heat from the stove to warm his bathtub. Alone in the room, he sinks into the bath and washes, scrubbing with soap and a cloth. Mother inspects him afterward to make sure he’s clean. Since it’s freezing outside, his siblings and parents will dump his water and then use fresh water for themselves until everyone is clean.

Chapter 8 Summary: “Sunday”

Almanzo wakes to his favorite stacked pancakes that Mother makes. They enjoy the buttery, maple-covered stacks and then hurry to church in their wagon. Father hitches the well-brushed, pretty horses, while Almanzo wishes he could hold the reins. The horses are so well trained that Father doesn’t have to use the whip for them to trot.

Almanzo is proud of his family’s fine Sunday clothes. His Mother wears a fancy brown dress with delicate lace and a hoop skirt, and his father wears a suit. The church service is two hours long. Almanzo feels bored but afterward talks to his cousin Frank, who lives in town. Frank has an expensive new hat from New York City with earmuffs that clip at the top. Almanzo knows he can’t have one, since Mother sews his warm caps, and he doesn’t want to waste his parents’ money. Frank chides Almanzo and Royal for not having their own horses. Almanzo retorts he’ll soon have a colt. He yearns for his own horse.

At home, they relax, since no one works full days on holy Sundays. His family reads, naps, and more while he reflects on his boredom: “But Almanzo just sat. He had to. He was not allowed to do anything else, for Sunday was not a day for working or playing. It was a day for going to church and for sitting still” (94).

Chapter 9 Summary: “Breaking the Calves”

Almanzo suggests staying home to have lessons with Bright and Star again. His parents agree, and he trains them for the second time with the yoke and carrots. The little cows start to learn his commands to come forward and back up.

Father takes him to the woods to gather tree limbs. In his workshop, he shows Almanzo how to peel the tree bark back and braid the bark to make a whip. Almanzo works hard on his whip for days until it’s ready. He can crack it like his father. He uses the whip to teach Bright and Star how to turn left and right, but he never cracks the whip against his animals, only in the air. Almanzo knows that you must always be gentle and patient during animal training.

He spends all the free time he can training them. One day, when the calves misbehave and run all around, knocking him down, he gets angry and cries but still doesn’t strike them with the whip. Father praises his patience and tells him to keep working slow and steady with the calves.

Louis and Pierre, sons of the Frenchmen Lazy John and French Joe, visit Almanzo to play. Almanzo hitches up his sled behind the calves for the first time, testing them by carrying Louis first. Bright and Star listen well, so Pierre joins Louis on the sled. Almanzo opens the gates to let the calves roam. He climbs on the sled next, but Bright and Star suddenly don’t listen. They crash through the snow by the road, sending the boys tumbling off the sled. Almanzo learns that he must train the calves better.

Chapter 10 Summary: “The Turn of the Year”

As winter eases into spring, icicles melt and the earth warms up. It’s the time of year for collecting sap, so Almanzo stays home to help Father with this chore for days in a row. They burrow holes in the trees to collect the maple sap in buckets. When they return with warm buckets of maple syrup, Mother strains and boils it to make maple sugar. They keep collecting until they have all their sugar for the year from the sap.

As spring arrives, a potato buyer comes to town. Father counts on his family to help, and the siblings race in a contest to fill the most buckets with their potato crops from the cellar. Father sells $500 worth of potatoes, and everyone’s happy.

Next, they do spring cleaning together. Almanzo beats dust out of rugs, fetches wood, cleans carpets, throws out any bad food in the cellar, whitewashes the cellar, and more: “Everything in the house was moved, everything was scrubbed and scoured and polished. All the curtains were down, all the feather-beds were outdoors, airing, all the blankets and quilts were washed” (117). His family spends days doing all the cleaning as spring flowers bloom, signaling that it’s time to work in the farm fields.

Chapters 6-10 Analysis

The themes of Agricultural Life and Self-Sufficiency and The Benefits of Hard Work and Perseverance are present in numerous scenes within this section. For instance, the ice collecting takes multiple men, such as the hired hands Joe and John, to help Almanzo and his family cut the frozen lake. They work for days to cut, drag, and store the ice blocks in their icehouse because they need ice to keep foods cold and to keep certain drinks and dishes cold, like homemade ice cream:

Then until chore-time he and Royal worked in the ice-house. All next day they worked, and all the next day. Just at dusk on the third day, Father helped them spread the last layer of sawdust over the topmost cubes of ice, in the peak of the ice-house roof. And that job was done (72).

It takes multiple days to fill the icehouse, and the men and boys work steadily to ensure that it’s full—even in the coldest winter weather. They can’t take time off or avoid hard work, since the farm and their survival rely on their putting in the labor to ensure that they have necessities like ice throughout the year. The ice will be dug out one cube at a time during the year, so the job is an annual one. Many other chores are done daily (like milking the cows, feeding animals, and cleaning their stalls) or seasonally (such as planting, harvesting, and collecting sap).

As with the icehouse, Almanzo and his father collect sap once a year, again highlighting the themes of Agricultural Life and Self-Sufficiency and The Benefits of Hard Work and Perseverance as well as the healthy, loving bond between father and son. Almanzo always enjoys helping Father and often asks if he can join him for certain chores, especially training the horses. When they go to collect sap from the trees, Almanzo enjoys the long days with Father, as they work and talk, tell stories, or sing songs. The time passes quickly each day while they’re engaged in gathering sap: “Day after day the sap was running, and every morning Almanzo went with Father to gather and boil it; every night Mother sugared it off. [...] it was stored in jugs down cellar, and that was the year’s syrup” (111). Almanzo cherishes any time he spends with Father, his idol, and works hard to prove he can accomplish any task put before him. Even if he makes mistakes, he learns quickly. Other examples of hard work and self-sufficiency include the family’s rush to gather potatoes for Father to sell in town when the potato buyer comes, and the spring cleaning, when everyone in the family puts in the work to clean their home from top to bottom, which takes significant time and effort.

In addition, these chapters touch on the theme of Childhood and Coming of Age, highlighting Almanzo’s character as kind, gentle, patient, and determined when he starts training his calves. Bright and Star are just learning to use the yoke and obey Almanzo’s commands to move forward, backward, left, and right. When they’re older, because of his training, they’ll be able to pull heavy loads of crops or wood in wagons or on bobsleds. Since Almanzo loves animals, he works hard not to get upset with the cows, working hard to train them every weekend but never taking his frustration out on them:

Every Saturday morning he spent in the barnyard, teaching Star and Bright. He never whipped them; he only cracked the whip. He knew you could never teach an animal anything if you struck it, or even shouted at it angrily. He must always be gentle, and quiet, and patient, even when they made mistakes. Star and Bright must like him and trust him and know he would never hurt them [...]. He could hardly do anything with them that morning. And he was so mad that he shook all over, and tears ran down his cheeks. He wanted to yell at those mean calves, and kick them, and hit them over the head with the butt of his whip. But he didn’t (98).

This exchange reveals that Almanzo is already maturing, as he learns to control his anger and negative emotions. He never once strikes his calves, Bright and Star, instead using patience and tenderness toward them. He clearly shows his patient, hard-working attitude when he trains the calves: He avoids whipping them, smacking them, or yelling at them despite his frustration when they don’t listen. As his father does, Almanzo respects animals and doesn’t want to harm them by abusing them.

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