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37 pages 1 hour read

Teju Cole

Every Day Is for the Thief

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2007

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Chapters 1-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

As the novel begins, the unnamed narrator heads to the Nigerian consulate to renew his passport. At the office, he notes that most people are either new US citizens, dual citizens like himself, or Nigerians bringing their American children home for the first time. At the counter, he’s told he needs a money order, so he leaves to get one.

Upon returning to the consulate, he sees a man begging to have his passport processed quickly, but the person who can approve it isn’t present. Talking to another man in the waiting room, the narrator learns that the processing time is a month unless a person pays “the fee for ‘expediting’ it” (6). This frustrates him, as he knows that it’s a scam run by the office, and though this kind of grift is common in Nigeria, he didn’t think he’d encounter it in America.

Helpless, he gets another money order to pay the extra fee. As he leaves, he sees a sign to report corruption—but the only person he can report it to is the person at the counter who just conned him.

Chapter 2 Summary

The narrator’s flight lands, and he’s briefly elated to be home. He mingles among the people at the airport while he passes through customs and luggage retrieval, noting the conversations he gets into with locals and visitors from elsewhere. As he exits the airport, he’s stopped by an official who tries to bribe him to be allowed to leave the airport. He steels his resolve and leaves without paying. Outside, he meets his Aunty Folake, who’s thrilled to see him.

Chapter 3 Summary

Aunty Folake takes the narrator home from the airport. Along the way, he sees two police officers bickering about trying to stop people too close to one another. Aunty explains that it’s another scam: People are used to being charged money by the police, but if it happens too often, they become angry.

The narrator reflects on Nigeria’s “informal economy,” in which officials and local criminals all take their piece, putting “pressure on everybody” (16). It happens for a third time before he even makes it back to his aunt’s house: the toll booth operator takes a reduced fee without giving them a ticket to use the tollway. He sees it again in the way the local people ask for help while his aunt stops to buy bread, but notably, their requests aren’t demands.

He realizes that the expectations he has for legality after living so long in America has made him a stranger in his homeland. In Nigeria, cash is a “social lubricant,” and worrying about what’s a request and what’s a threat seems like a luxury afforded to outsiders. He notes that this economy of grift becomes punishable only in extreme cases, as in the recent case of Tafa Bolunga, the inspector general of the police, who was sentenced to six months in prison for stealing the equivalent of a hundred million dollars from the people.

The police officers in Lagos can’t live on their salary, and they and other officials look down on people who are too concerned with stopping corruption. The narrator notes that theft, corruption, and piracy have undercut the ability for people to get ahead in Nigeria and for society to improve, which is underscored by the power going out when they arrive at Aunty Folake’s house.

Chapter 4 Summary

The next morning, the narrator is awakened by the Muslim call to prayer outside. He looks out at the gorge behind his family’s home: What was once pristine is now riddled with buildings and tracts of land. He walks through the house and feels as though it’s much larger than he remembers, especially compared to his small apartments in England and the US. He recalls a passage from Michael Ondaatje about returning home that reminds him of this moment.

Chapter 5 Summary

The morning after his arrival in Lagos, the narrator goes to an internet café, which changes his perspective on the rampant 419 email scams that originate in Nigeria. Young men typing away at computers to perpetuate the scam fill the café, despite signage warning of arrest. The narrator is first impressed by the extent of the grift, but he grows annoyed by its ubiquity.

He speaks with his cousin Muyiwa about it, who tells him that most of the scammers are young university men trying to impress their peers. They’re known as “yahoo yahoo,” after the search engine popular at the time. The narrator sees them as part of the decay of Nigeria’s reputation, but he thinks that “the swindler and the swindled deserve each other” (27). He compares the scammers to Scheherazade, as they’re rewarded for their ability to tell a story. His cousin tells him that arrests are frequent but end up in bribes that go to the arresting officer.

Chapter 6 Summary

The narrator encounters a young girl in the house whom he recognizes as his first cousin. They become fast friends. He shares his American treats with her, and she tells him of Nigerian film and music. He realizes that what he hopes for in the future of his homeland is for her sake.

Chapters 1-6 Analysis

The narrator of the novel closely resembles author Teju Cole, and the inclusion of Cole’s personal photographs throughout the narrative (sometimes directly depicting what the novel describes) deepens the link between author and narrator. However, telling differences exist between them, such as the narrator’s biracial identity and light skin, which emphasizes his role as a man caught between the Western ideals of the US and those of his home country of Nigeria. As such, this is a work of autofiction in that it presents a fictionalized version of the author’s life that uses a structure more akin to a memoir or travel diary than a traditional narrative form. This is a fitting form for the book’s overarching themes—the search for culture in a developing nation, modern culture as an outgrowth of colonialism and slavery, and immigrants’ relationship to their homeland—because the book’s structure allows the narrator’s experiences with Lagos to take the foreground throughout. His character arc relates to his opinion of Lagos and to his place as an emigrant Nigerian returning home, and the novel returns repeatedly to Cole’s purpose of capturing a portrait of the city during a turbulent time in its socioeconomic development.

The narrator frequently evokes authors he admires in his encounters with Lagos, particularly Michael Ondaatje, Gabriel Garcia Marquez, and Tomas Tranströmer, all of whom are widely considered the voices of their national identities. In them, he finds kindred spirits, as they helped define their national culture for their compatriots and the world at large. Nigeria has its own literary figures that have entered the global literary canon, most notably Chinua Achebe, but the narrator sees a lack of literary culture in the modern Lagosian landscape. Although he’s a medical student of psychiatry, when he arrives in Lagos, he longs for artistic community, which becomes more prevalent in later chapters.

What he encounters instead is corruption and grift, and moments in which money changes hands as bribes or ransoms litter the first six chapters. Nigeria is a country with a long history of corrupt leadership for numerous reasons: Its role in the slave trade created an economy of victimization; its time as a British colony in the first half of the 20th century created an economic disparity that hurt Nigerians; and postcolonial leadership furthered that disparity. As a result, a culture of mutual victimization exists in Nigeria, fostered by a government that’s seen as untrustworthy (and doesn’t adequately compensate its employees, leading to little loyalty). The “mutual humiliation society” (27) he sees in the internet café extends to every aspect of Lagosian society, which drives the narrator’s fascination and anger with a culture that he sees as feeding on itself.

This dim opinion of Nigeria is tempered, however, by the beauty he sees around him and the warmth of his family, particularly his first cousin. Though his father is deceased, and his mother and he are estranged, his extended family gives him a personal stake in Lagos as a place that deserves hope.

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By Teju Cole