logo

60 pages 2 hours read

Cristina García

Dreaming in Cuban

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1992

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Part 1, Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1: “Ordinary Seductions (1972)”

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “Ocean Blue”

Content Warning: This section of the guide describes and discusses the source text’s treatment of mental illness, sexual assault, and death by suicide. The source text referenced also contains racist language.

Celia del Pino (née Almeida) looks out over the ocean from the wicker swing outside of her house in Santa Teresa del Mar on Cuba’s northern coast. On the radio, there have recently been warnings about a possible attack from the United States, and from her vantage point, she watches for approaching ships. Through her binoculars, she sees the form of her husband Jorge come into view on the distant horizon. He makes his way toward her but disappears before reaching the shore. In her pocket is a letter from Jorge. He has been in the United States for a long time. She recalls his sick, “shriveled” form as he boarded the plane, but although she misses him, she still does not approve of his anti-communist politics. A former salesman for an American firm, Jorge had not supported the revolution as she has. She has a premonition of his death and thinks to herself that he will be buried in a foreign land, in the United States where her granddaughter Pilar also lives. Celia leaves her wicker swing, and still wearing a pair of high-heeled shoes, runs down the beach and plunges into the ocean.

Felicia del Pino

The next morning, Celia’s daughter, Felicia, makes the 17-mile journey from Havana to Santa Teresa del Mar to see her mother. Jorge has indeed died, and Celia, still covered with sand and seaweed from her nighttime swim, tells her daughter that he visited her the previous evening. Celia also asks Felicia to send a telegram to her brother in Prague. Celia has not spoken to her son in four years, and she wonders about his Czech wife and about how she could communicate with her grandchild, who does not speak Spanish.

In her car on the way back to Havana, Felicia remembers a massive tidal wave that struck their house in 1944. Her mother had always warned her not to bring seashells into their home for fear that they would bring bad luck, but after the tidal wave passed and the waters receded, their house was full of sand, seaweed, and shells. Unlike many of the other less sturdy homes, however, it survived. Today, Felicia is upset about her father’s death, and her friend Herminia Delgado urges her to come over and participate in a Santería ritual to honor him. Although she has to work, she tells Hermina that she will come over later. La Madrina leads the ritual, and the gathered women pray to Saint Bárbara and sacrifice a goat. Felicia is not as devout a practitioner of Santería as her friend Hermina, and she is not pleased about the goat. Still, she goes along with the ceremony.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “Going South”

Lourdes Puentes awakes at four in the morning next to her husband, Rufino. She rises and puts on one of her six identical white uniforms. She enjoys the sense of authority that she feels while wearing them. Lourdes owns a bakery in Brooklyn, which she purchased five years ago from another immigrant to New York, a Jewish man with Franco-Austrian roots who settled in Brooklyn after World War II. Lourdes enjoys the early mornings, the pastries, and the work involved in running the bakery, but today, she leaves a note for her daughter Pilar to help her out after school. She has just fired an employee and needs Pilar to fill in. At the bakery, Lourdes receives a call from Sister Federica, one of the nuns who had been caring for her father. The nun tells Lourdes that her father was “a saint” and that in his final moments, he thanked her for her help and told her that he would shortly begin another journey.

Lourdes tries to reach her mother in Santa Teresa del Mar, but she is unsuccessful because heavy rains have washed out the power lines. She instead phones Felicia in Havana. Lourdes recalls her father’s early days in Brooklyn and reflects on how the stress of taking him to the hospital for treatments caused her to gain 118 pounds. She also developed a powerful craving for sweets and carbs, and gave in rather than fighting the urges. Lourdes used the last of her savings to move Jorge into a private hospice, and now, she takes comfort in the fact that although he was deathly afraid of germs, he died clean and was well cared for.

Pilar Puente

Pilar does not come to work at the bakery, nor does she come home. Worried, Lourdes finally alerts the police. She recalls her daughter’s birth, not long after “El Líder” had come to power in Cuba. At the time, she had trouble keeping nurses, because each woman that she hired left with an injury of some kind after swearing that Pilar was bewitched. She thinks back to her own first year of life, which she spent in the care of her father because her mother had been committed to a psychiatric hospital due to a mental health crisis.

The narrative reveals that pilar did not show up to her shift at the bakery because she happened to see her father with another woman. Pilar then used her savings to purchase a bus ticket to Miami. From there, she intends to make her way to Cuba to stay with her grandmother, Celia. On the bus to Miami, Pilar thinks about her mother. Their relationship is difficult, for Lourdes does not give Pilar any privacy; she reads her daughter’s journals and even interrupts her in the bathtub. Although Pilar is a talented artist, Lourdes initially refused to allow her daughter to attend the art school to which she won a scholarship. Rufino ultimately intervened and also purchased an old warehouse so that he could have a workshop and Pilar could have a studio. Lourdes and Celia also have a fraught relationship. Their difficulties stem from Celia’s devoted adherence to El Líder and Lourdes’s staunch, anti-communist beliefs.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “The House on Palmas Street”

Celia is waiting for her granddaughters at their school. Waiting strikes her as recurring motif within her life. As a young woman, she fell in love with a married man from Spain; she first waited on him at the electronics counter where she worked in Havana. He bought a camera from her. Although she thought that he had loved her too, he returned to Spain without her. After being jilted, she purchased potions at the botánica, took to her bed, and began to waste away. Her great-aunt Alicia brought a santera who read her palm, found a “wet landscape” there, and promised that Celia would eventually recover. Celia soon married Jorge instead, but she never removed the drop pearl earrings that her Spaniard gave to her.

After Celia and Jorge married, he left her alone in the house on Las Palmas street with his mother and sister. The two women treated her wretchedly, giving her only scraps to eat and openly speaking ill of her. They both repeatedly tried to bleach their skin so as to disguise their diverse heritage, and when Celia became pregnant, her sister-in-law stole much of her clothing, claiming that Celia would no longer be able to fit into it. Shortly after Celia gave birth to Lourdes, Jorge took her to an “asylum.”

Now, Celia is once again living in the house on Las Palmas, which her daughter Felicia owns. Felicia is deeply distraught over her father Jorge’s death and has not been taking care of her own children—her son Ivanito and the twins, Luz and Milagro. Celia cannot seem to find or feel her own grief, and her response to Jorge’s death has been to redouble her efforts to support El Líder. To this end, she has been cutting sugar cane with agricultural workers. Believing that her daughter needs more time to grieve, she decides to take her grandchildren to her home in Santa Teresa del Mar. Ivanito refuses to go, but Luz and Milagro agree, and she sets off home with the girls.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “Celia’s Letters 1935-1940”

The narrative shifts to Celia’s youth. The young Celia writes her Spanish lover Gustavo one letter for each month of her life. In March of 1935, Celia writes that she is about to marry Jorge del Pino. He is a good man, and he wants her to forget Gustavo, but she cannot. She writes again on her honeymoon, and again when she becomes pregnant. She writes to Gustavo that if she gives birth to a boy, she will bring him to Spain. From there, her letters begin to show her declining mental state, and she confesses her belief that her baby girl can read her thoughts. She writes cryptically that felicia has been killed and that she is going home the following day. In 1938, Celia writes that she has a new baby named Felicia and that Lourdes is now two and a half. She states that Jorge is a good man.

Part 1, Chapters 1-4 Analysis

This section of the novel establishes its fluid narrative structure and begins to illustrate the theme of Immigration, Exile, and Cuban Identity by exploring the importance of Cuba and Brooklyn as settings to the sprawling family drama.

Significantly, Dreaming in Cuban does not employ a traditional narrative structure in which an easily recognizable conflict progresses toward an inevitable climax and resolution. Instead, the story remains episodic and is told from the point of view of multiple narrators who often reminisce about earlier times, creating a vibrant yet wistful patchwork narrative that is heavily seasoned by memory. Such storytelling, characterized by heteroglossia, relies on remembrance and often leaps forward and backward in time. This pattern reinforces the novel’s focus on the complexities of Immigration, Exile, and Cuban Identity, for the narrative depicts widely differing experiences with migration and shows the importance of both individual and collective memory to members of the Cuban diaspora. Lourdes, Rufino, Pilar, and eventually Jorge can only access Cuba through memory, whereas Celia and Felicia, who as Cuban residents are physically separated from their exiled family members, can only interact with their memories of how their loved ones used to be.

This portion of the narrative also introduces the complex character of Celia, who is initially characterized primarily through her two main loves: the long-vanished Spaniard, Gustavo, and the communist cause of El Líder. In the opening pages of the novel, Celia is pictured as being “equipped with binoculars and wearing her best housedress and drop pearl earrings,” sitting “in her wicker swing guarding the north coast of Cuba” (3). Her drop pearl earrings symbolize her undying love for Gustavo, and she performs the socialist duty of surveilling the coast for the presence of invading American enemies. The importance of both Gustavo and El Líder contrast markedly with that of Jorge, for although he has just died and has appeared to her in spirit, she cannot help but characterize him by his antipathy for the socialist cause that she holds so dear.

Felicia is also introduced, and Cristina García immediately makes it evident that the character’s Cuban identity is tied to the pre-revolutionary, Afro-Caribbean tradition of Santería. Felicia’s intense grief also provides a counterpoint to her mother’s relative impassivity over Jorge’s death. Although Felicia will further deepen her relationship to Santería in subsequent sections of the narrative, her immediate response to the death of her father is to hold a ritual ceremony for him. Her religious leanings stand in contrast to her mother, Celia, who develops a sense of Cubanidad through her support for socialism and through her devotion to El Líder. These differences will ultimately be shown as the source of the Fraught Family Bonds within Celia’s immediate family, for Lourdes also defines herself in opposition to her mother’s communism, and the three women agree on very little.

Setting also becomes important, and Cuba fittingly takes center stage, almost as though it is a character in its own right. Cuba’s meaning within the narrative is malleable, and it represents different memories, cultural practices, and ideologies for different characters. For Celia, Cuba is the embodiment of her ideological position: a revolutionary space that guarantees the promise of hope and stability to its citizens. At many points in the text, most notably in her letters to Gustavo, she comments on the poverty of pre-revolutionary Cuba. For her, the island of “El Líder” symbolizes equality and freedom, but for her daughters, the political waters are murkier. Felicia and Lourdes do not share their mother’s revolutionary zeal, nor do they understand her fanatical attachment to El Líder’s cult of personality. Because of this, they are better able to perceive the island’s shortcomings: its repressive surveillance state, its constant food and ration shortages, and the political divisions that the regime creates within families.

As an ideological counterpoint, Brooklyn is also important, for as the location of Lourdes’s beloved Yankee Doodle Bakery, it symbolizes her own love for the United States and its capitalist economic system. Lourdes, unlike Rufino and even Pilar, is comfortable in exile. She feels at home in Brooklyn and is happy to have escaped Castro’s Cuba. She also recognizes Brooklyn as a space of migration and flux and notes the different waves of immigrants to the neighborhood: first Jewish and then Caribbean. Although the Puente family’s choice to settle in Brooklyn and Lourdes’s bakery place García’s novel in the context of the Cuban diaspora, the setting also connects the narrative to a broader tradition of immigration stories in the United States. Jewish, Puerto Rican, Dominican, and Cuban immigrants have all made their initial American home in Brooklyn, and García uses this narrative detail to engage with other migrant traditions and with the broader history of the United States.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text